The in vitro extract-viscosity and the content of non-starch-polysaccharides were investigated in 34 defined wheat varieties grown at 5 locations each. Both, wheat genotype as well as growing location clearly influenced the viscosity of soluble extract from wheat. Furthermore, the content of non-starch-polysaccharides (soluble/total) and pentosans (soluble/total) were determined in 13 wheat varieties each grown at two locations. Soluble pentosan contents were highly positively correlated with extract viscosity of wheat at the locations Hayn (r = 0.86) and Biendorf (r = 0.90). The classical apparent metabolisable energy of 5 wheat samples having different extract viscosities was assessed. The AMEN values ranged from 14.0 to 14.6 MJ/kg DM and were significant negatively correlated to content of soluble arabinoxylans (r = 0.67) and to the extract viscosity (r = 0.83). Furthermore, the viscosity of jejunal (4.0 to 22.8 mPas) and ileal (13.1 to 78.0 mPas) digesta exhibited a clear relationship with soluble pentosan contents and extract viscosity. Under the conditions applied in this study the technique of extract viscosity measurement can predict the AME.

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A complete two by two by four factorial design was used to examine the main effects of dietary fat type (10% soya oil or 10% beef tallow), xylanase supplementation (with or without Avizyme 1300 at 1 g/kg diet) and pentosan level (7.7 g/kg, 11.0 g/kg, 14.3 g/kg and 17.6 g/kg soluble pentosans, respectively, by varying wheat/rye proportions) as well as their interactions on intestinal chyme conditions, nutrient digestibility and nutrient utilization in male broilers. Nutrient digestibilities for the total digestive tract and at various sites of small intestine were measured during the period from day 18 to 20 of age and at day 21 of age, respectively, using a marker technique. Jejunal and ileal supernatant viscosity increased in an exponential manner as dietary pentosan concentration was increased. This increase was more pronounced in tallow fed birds but was also found in enzyme treated groups albeit at a much lower level. Xylanase activity was still detectable in the ileum of birds fed enzyme supplemented diets but its activity was found to decrease as dietary pentosan content increased. Digestibility of crude protein and that of some amino acids at the terminal ileum was decreased as dietary pentosan content was increased and significantly improved by xylanase addition. No fat effect and no interactions were detected at this site. In contrast, measurements made over the whole gastrointestinal tract showed significantly lower protein and amino acid digestibility values for tallow fed birds, and significant higher enzyme effects especially in diets with higher pentosan concentrations. Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEN) content and net protein utilization decreased with increasing dietary pentosan content and were significantly improved by xylanase addition and were lower in tallow fed birds. Again, xylanase effects were found to be more pronounced for tallow fed birds and at higher pentosan concentrations.

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The N,N‐dialkylureas (I) react with aromatic acid chlorides to the urea derivatives (II), which undergo thermolysis to (III) and (IV).