SYNOPSISThe surface of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) films was modified by oxygen plasma, and the modified film surface was analyzed by a n advancing contact meter and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The advancing contact measurement showed that the oxygen plasma treatment made the surface of the PPTA film hydrophilic. The XPS analyses also showed the increase in the O/C and N/C atom ratio, especially the O/C atom ratio, at the PPTA film surface by the oxygen plasma treatment. A main oxygen functionality formed by the oxygen plasma treatment is a carboxylic acid group, and a main nitrogen functionality formed is a protonated amino group. The formation of the oxygen and nitrogen functionalities formed by the oxygen plasma treatment is not restricted to the surface of the PPTA film, but penetrates a t least 35 A deep from the film surface. The formation of these carboxylic acid and protonated amino groups is a result of the bond scission of the amide linkages in the PPTA film. Interactions of photons in the oxygen plasma rather than interactions of electrons and activated oxygen atoms contribute greatly to the bond scission. 0 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Surface modification of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) film by a remote oxygen plasma treatment has been investigated from a viewpoint of comparison with a direct oxygen plasma treatment. We call the modification procedure in a space far away from the oxygen plasma zone ''the remote oxygen plasma treatment,'' and the modification procedure in a space just in the oxygen plasma zone (a conventional oxygen plasma treatment) ''the direct oxygen plasma treatment.'' In a space far away from the plasma zone, oxygen radicals rather than electrons and oxygen ions are predominant, and the PPTA film can be modified by the remote oxygen plasma treatment into a hydrophilic surface without heavy degradation of the PPTA film. The PPTA film surfaces modified by the remote oxygen plasma treatment were analyzed with contact angle measurement, scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

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The effects of primary amino groups' introduction treated by ammonia plasma on linear low-density polyethylene (L-LDPE) were investigated. The introduction of the primary amino groups on the L-LDPE surface was carried out by three kinds of approaches. These approaches were the use of conventional ammonia plasma, plasma treatment of hydrogen gas blended into ammonia gas, and ammonia plasma treatment under hydrogen. Primary amino groups could be introduced with three kinds of ammonia plasma. Amide groups were also introduced simultaneously, which suggested the oxidation of polyethylene surfaces. The ammonia plasma treatment under a hydrogen gas atmosphere is the most effective to introduce primary amino groups into a polyethylene surface selectively.

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