Soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of eight enzymes were compared for extracts of muscle stage larvae of the seven Trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. Soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of four enzymes: malic enzyme, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, superoxide dismutase of them were clearly divided into four types. T. pseudospiralis from a racoon and the Polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2. The Iwasaki strain from a Japanese black bear and the Yamagata strain from a racoon dog, both from Japan, were type 3. Type 4 consisted of three remaining strains, the Polish strain from a wild pig, the USA strain from a pig and the Thai strain from a human case, which have similar infectivities to pigs. The Thai strain varied a bit electrophoretically from other members of type 4. Zymograms of adenylate kinase and malate dehydrogenase were similar in types 2 and 3. The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase zymogram of type 3, similar to that of type 4, was different from that of type 2. It is assumed from the data that type 3 (Japanese strain) was genetically intermediate to types 2 and 4. T. pseudospiralis and the Polar strain had a common main isozyme of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The zymogram of lactate dehydrogenase was common except for T. pseudospiralis.
Six zymograms were compared for extracts of muscle-stage larvae of the seven Trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase among them fell into four types. T. pseudospiralis from a raccoon and the Polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2, respectively. The Iwasaki strain from a Japanese black bear and the Yamagata strain from a raccoon dog, both from Japan, were type 3. Type 4 consisted of three remaining strains, viz. the Polish strain from a wild pig, the USA strain from a pig, and the Thai strain from a human case, all of which have similar infectivity to pigs. The isozyme patterns of esterase 1, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and peptidase were similar in types 2 and 3. Those of esterase D were common to types 2-4 but not to type 1. In the zymogram of mannosephosphate isomerase, types 2-4 but not type 1 had one common band, whereas in the other bands type 2 was markedly distinguished from types 3 and 4. In the present study, the molecular phylogenic tree was constructed for the first time on the basis of our present and previous electrophoretic data by the use of cluster analysis, and the evolutionary process was considered as follows: T. pseudospiralis (type 1) and T. spiralis (the common ancestor of types 2-4) were initially separated. Next, the common ancestor of the strains from wild carnivores (types 2 and 3) and type 4 were separated. Finally, the Polar strain (type 2) and the Japanese strain (type 3) were separated.
No abstract
A diphyllobothriid cestode, which has been spontaneously expelled from a 57-year-old seaman at Fukuoka City, on December 1969, was sent to us for identification. The appearance of yellowish-brown, thickset, complete strobila (about 600 mm in length) was evidently different from usual forms of the known diphyllobothriid cestodes from humans. It was tentatively reported as "another marine species of the genus Diphyllobothrium from a man in Japan" (Kamo et al., 1978). After careful morphological examinations it is now identified as Diphyllobothrium cameroni Rausch, 1969, which has been found in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) from Midway Atoll, Leeward Island in the Pacific Ocean. In the relative position of the uterine pore, within the genital atrium, and other morphological details, it agrees closely with Rausch's description. The discrepancies in dimensions of the seminal vesicle and egg size are probably attributable to the considerably greater size of our specimen, which had grown well in larger space of human intestine. Its eggshell surface observed by SEM exhibited the typical characteristics (deep, numerous pits, with rough intervening surface) as the eggs of cestodes from the marine habitat according to Hilliard (1972). It seems to be the first and unusual case of human infection with Diphyllobothrium cameroni Rausch, 1969 (new Japanese name : cameron retto jochu). The source of human infection is quite obscure.
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