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In this work, the adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) vapor was investigated in a laboratory-scale packed-bed adsorber by using granular activated carbon (GAC) at constant pressure (101.3 kPa). The packed-bed adsorber (PBA) was operated batchwise with the charges of GAC particles in the ranges of 2.5−10.0 g for obtaining TCE breakthrough curves. Experiments were carried out at different temperatures (25.6 ≤ T (°C) ≤ 35.8) and TCE feedstock concentrations (6350 ≤ C (ppm TCE) ≤ 7950) within the range of space velocity (5 000 ≤ ϑ (h-1) ≤ 17 000). The effects of TCE inlet concentration, operating temperature, and mass of adsorbent (m Ads) on the TCE breakthrough curves were investigated, respectively. The deactivation model (DM) was tested for these curves by using the analogy between the adsorption of TCE and the deactivation of catalyst particles. Observed adsorption rate constants (k S) and first-order deactivation rate constants (k d) were obtained from the model. It was found that the deactivation model describes the experimental breakthrough curves more accurately compared to the adsorption isotherms given in the literature.

Abstract-Finite element method (FEM) is used for transient dynamic analysis of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) and is particularly useful when the membranes are driven in the nonlinear regime. One major disadvantage of FEM is the excessive time required for simulation. Harmonic balance (HB) analysis, on the other hand, provides an accurate estimate of the steady-state response of nonlinear circuits very quickly. It is common to use Mason's equivalent circuit to model the mechanical section of CMUT. However, it is not appropriate to terminate Mason's mechanical LC section by a rigid piston's radiation impedance, especially for an immersed CMUT. We studied the membrane behavior using a transient FEM analysis and found out that for a wide range of harmonics around the series resonance, the membrane displacement can be modeled as a clamped radiator. We considered the root mean square of the velocity distribution on the membrane surface as the circuit variable rather than the average velocity. With this definition, the kinetic energy of the membrane mass is the same as that in the model. We derived the force and current equations for a clamped radiator and implemented them using a commercial HB simulator. We observed much better agreement between FEM and the proposed equivalent model, compared with the conventional model.

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) are usually composed of large arrays of closely packed cells. In this work, we use an equivalent circuit model to analyze CMUT arrays with multiple cells. We study the effects of mutual acoustic interactions through the immersion medium caused by the pressure field generated by each cell acting upon the others. To do this, all the cells in the array are coupled through a radiation impedance matrix at their acoustic terminals. An accurate approximation for the mutual radiation impedance is defined between two circular cells, which can be used in large arrays to reduce computational complexity. Hence, a performance analysis of CMUT arrays can be accurately done with a circuit simulator. By using the proposed model, one can very rapidly obtain the linear frequency and nonlinear transient responses of arrays with an arbitrary number of CMUT cells. We performed several finite element method (FEM) simulations for arrays with small numbers of cells and showed that the results are very similar to those obtained by the equivalent circuit model.

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