film by carbon dioxide, ethane, and propane at elevated pressures was investigated. In addition, the separation of mixtures of ethane and propane by permeation was studied.Both hydrocarbon vapors' penneotion exhibited pressure dependence, with propane showing the greatest variation over the same range.In the case of the mixture separation study, the achieved degree of separation was lower than would be predicted on the basis of the pure component permeation constants. Moreover, the total flow of vapor through the film was greater than would be expected on the basis of the individual gar flows. This was attributed to on anomalous diffusion phenomenon of ethane in the presence of dissolved propane due to a plasticization of the polymer network.
U.S. manufacturers have a strong interest in more energy efficient processes. Funded by Gas Research Institute Illinois, and subsequently by NJ Commission on Science and Technology; Procedyne Corp. has developed a heating concept demonstrated on a bench-scale test unit, to improve the capacity and the efficiency of the gas-fired retort furnaces used for commercial processing.These furnaces consist of a retort and a gas-fired heating mantle. Combustion gas heats the retort when flowing through an annular area surrounding the retort. The objective is to improve the heat transfer to the retort and thereby increase the capacity and the efficiency of the furnace.The design concept is designated the "Porous Wall Radiation Barrier" heating mantle. In this design, combustion gas flows through a porous wall surrounding the retort, transferring its heat to the porous wall, which then radiates heat energy to the retort.Theoretical studies showed, operating above 1700°F (927°C) will transfer twice as much heat as a comparable electrically heated furnace. Experiments demonstrated that heat transfer rates of 1.8-2.4 times conventional gas fired mantles are achievable in the temperature range of 1600-2350°F (1582"C-l288"C).A potential for annual U.S. energy savings of $997 million, and 65-75% reduction in environmental pollutant emission have been identified.The focus of this program was to design, construct and operate a prototype retort furnace heated by a PWRB mantle to demonstrate its performance benefits and the feasibility of the mechanical design as a basis for a scale-up to larger commercial furnaces.The furnace designed and constructed under this program achieved the objectives of the program.
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