First attempts are described to determine the unintegrated Parton Density Function of the gluon from a fit to measurements of the structure function F 2 (x, Q 2 ) and also F c 2 (x, Q 2 ) measured at HERA. Reasonable descriptions of both structure functions are obtained, but the gluon densities determined are different.
An experimental result of a gigawatt-class L-band magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) shows the generation of a transient axial mode pertaining to an anode plasma effect in the circuit of the MILO. The transient axial mode between the desired π mode and the 5π/6 mode causes the output power to become eccentric. When the electrons impact onto the metallic surface, plasma exists on the surface of the anode due to the electron-impact distortion process. As a result, the anode plasma causes the emitted current to increase the neutralization near the cathode. The increase of the current induces faster and stronger magnetic insulation, which lowers the drift velocity and suppresses the mode earlier during the beam pulse. After the 5π/6 mode, which initially interacts with the electron beam, remains as a transient axial mode for a very short time, it shows the capability to convert to the π mode, which is more stable and slowly grows.
High-power microwave sources applied to a directed-energy weapon can lead to permanent damage by radiating concentrated energy in a specific direction to disturb or overload electronic equipment. The effect analysis on the target, such as electronics exposed to electromagnetic pulse, should be considered as an important factor in determining the performance of high-power microwave sources and conducting experimental evaluations. In this study, a magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator, one of the representative high-power microwave sources based on vacuum electronics device, was constructed and experimental analysis with respect to electromagnetic pulse effects was performed. The specification of the magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator used in this study corresponded to 3 GW of high-power electromagnetic wave pulses operating at L-band. The power efficiency was approximately 10 -15%. For effective targeting, a Vlasov antenna that converts TM01 mode to TE11 mode was designed and fabricated. The radiation pattern was confirmed via fluorescent lamps, and to confirm the effect of the directed-energy weapon on the target, an effect analysis was performed using a portable electronic device as a sample. Furthermore, the electric field was measured with a D-dot probe and quantified and compared. This study presents a future blueprint of the value of the directed-energy weapon by predicting the radiant output power of the weapon in the far-field region after it is mounted on a movable ground vehicle or unmanned aerial vehicle.INDEX TERMS High power microwave (HPM), directed-energy weapon (DEW), electromagnetic pulse (EMP), magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO)
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