I959 glucosamine and muramic acid; (b) a mucopeptide containing glyeine, muramic acid and glucosamrine; (c) a mueopeptide containing muranie acid, glyoine, lysine, glutamate and slanine. 4. All the fragments isolated are resistant to the action of lysozyme. 5. The significance of the mueopeptide fragments for the structure of the wall mucopeptide is discussed. We have much pleasure in acknowledging the technical assistance of Ian Mathison and Martyn Hodgson during the course of this work.

1. The liberation of the vesicles of the mesosomes from protoplasts of Bacillus licheniformis strain 6346 is controlled by the Mg(2+) concentration present during the removal of the walls by lysozyme. 2. The functioning of the cytoplasmic membranes is also critically controlled by the Mg(2+) concentration. 3. The isolated mesosomes and the cytoplasmic membranes differ in their enzymic activities. Both succinate dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase activities are very low or absent from the mesosomes. 4. The cytoplasmic membranes can also be separated into materials of different density. 5. Distribution of the membranes between these fractions is controlled by the Mg(2+) concentration and the growth conditions of the microorganisms.

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are common, debilitating and costly. These disorders are influenced by multiple risk factors, from genes to psychological vulnerabilities and environmental stressors, but research is hampered by a lack of sufficiently large comprehensive studies. We are recruiting 40,000 individuals with lifetime depression or anxiety and broad assessment of risks to facilitate future research.MethodsThe Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (www.gladstudy.org.uk) recruits individuals with depression or anxiety into the NIHR Mental Health BioResource. Participants invited to join the study (via media campaigns) provide demographic, environmental and genetic data, and consent for medical record linkage and recontact.ResultsOnline recruitment was effective; 42,531 participants consented and 27,776 completed the questionnaire by end of July 2019. Participants’ questionnaire data identified very high rates of recurrent depression, severe anxiety, and comorbidity. Participants reported high rates of treatment receipt. The age profile of the sample is biased toward young adults, with higher recruitment of females and the more educated, especially at younger ages.DiscussionThis paper describes the study methodology and descriptive data for GLAD, which represents a large, recontactable resource that will enable future research into risks, outcomes, and treatment for anxiety and depression.

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Yoshida et al. 1957) showed that preparations of cell-wall material made from BacilluB 8ubtilis are likely to be more complicated than those from some other Gram-positive organisms such as Micrococcus ly8odeikticu8, Staphylococcus aureus or BacilluB megateriurn. Preparations from these last-named organisms revealed, after acid hydrolysis, the presence of only three or four amino acids as major components together with two amino sugars and in some instances one or two hexoses (Salton, 1953; Cummins & Harris, 1956; Salton & Milhaud, 1959). In some strains of the two coccal species up to 80-90 % of the wall is made from four amino acids * On leave from the State Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw.

Volume 113, no. 2, p. 969, column 2, line 10: Change "three poorly lytic (Lyt-) mutants, Lyt-, Lyt--4," to "three poorly lytic (Lyt-) mutants, Lyt--3, Lyt--4,"; lines 21 and 22: Change "a phosphate-deficient medium (26);" to "a phosphate-deficient medium (26) with added sodium citrate (0.05%);". On p. 981, column 2, Table 7: The subheading "Glycerol and galactose" should be under the main heading "6346 his" and the subheadings "Glycerol," "Glycerol and galactose," and "Glucose" should be under the main heading "Lyt--5."

1. Benzylpenicillin is irreversibly fixed to staphyloccoci by a reaction that obeys second-order kinetics, whereas the progress of inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis obeys first-order kinetics after a short lag during which the antibiotic has no effect. 2. When the micro-organisms are saturated with benzylpenicillin they can still make mucopeptide in solutions containing chloramphenicol at a normal rate after a lag period. 3. About 90% of the benzylpenicillin stays fixed to the cells after mucopeptide synthesis has reached its maximum and constant rate. 4. During the phase when mucopeptide synthesis by cells saturated with benzylpenicillin is accelerating, a small number of additional sites that fix benzylpenicillin is revealed. The number of these sites reaches a maximum and constant value at about the same time as mucopeptide biosynthesis reaches a maximum and constant rate. 5. Staphylococci saturated with benzylpenicillin are exceedingly sensitive to fresh additions of the antibiotic. 6. The degree of inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis caused by these small amounts of antibiotic agrees with the degree of substitution by benzylpenicillin of the newly revealed or ;sensitive' sites. 7. Since these sensitive sites are revealed during incubation of the bacteria with chloramphenicol it is unlikely that they are due to newly formed protein. 8. On the basis of these results, a hypothesis for the inhibition by penicillin of the cross-linking reaction in the terminal stages of mucopeptide synthesis is suggested.

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