ES-induced hemorrhage occurred in 10% of the patients studied. The use of needle-knife sphincterotomy and the cutting speed were independent risk factors for the occurrence of bleeding. Once bleeding occurred, its severity was affected by an associated ampullary lesion (impacted stone or cancer) or coagulopathy. Endoscopic hemostasis with epinephrine and/or alcohol was effective and safe in ES-induced hemorrhage.

In patients with known intestinal Behçet syndrome, CT can be useful in determining the extent of the lesions and in identifying cases in which complications are likely to occur.