A total number of 204 patients presenting with an acutely or subacutely painful hip joint were investigated in two prospective studies. Intraarticular fluid collections were detected in 104 patients. The joint effusions showed different echopatterns depending on etiology and duration of disease. Additional diagnostic criteria such as synovial hypertrophy and thickening of the articular capsule allowed the distinction between transient synovitis and septic arthritis. Bony changes were encountered in 40 patients with osteomyelitis, slipping femoral epiphysis or Perthes-Calvé disease. Ultrasonography is recommended as method of choice in detecting, excluding and differentiating of joint effusions.

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A systematic radiologic study of the skeletal system of 72 children with different forms of neurofibromatosis (NF) revealed a high proportion of spinal defects. Scoliosis was found in 46%, anomalies of the vertebrae in an even higher percentage, particularly cleft spine in 25%, wedge-shaped vertebrae in 22% and scalloping of vertebrae in 40%. Radiographic examination of children with even minimal signs of NF was helpful in confirming the diagnosis, staging of patients and obtaining additional hints in regard to the long term prognosis of children with neurofibromatosis.

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