Synopsis.-The size and complexity of present-day power conveniently arranged lumped units of inductance, capacity, and systems have increased to the point where the prediction of the resistance. This apparatus has been in satisfactory operation for behavior of the system by analytical methods is more and more several years.difficult. The solution of commercial networks by Kirchhoff's Laws Evans and Bergvall of the Westinghouse Electric and Manuor by cut and try methods, even with the help of star-delta trans-facturiing Company used a test floor set-up to check experimentally formations, leads to such involved equations that the needfor simpler the theory of long line stability. Powers of about 500 ky-a. were used. methods is keenly felt. Increasing attention has been given to various methods of representing power systems in miniature so that The present paper preasent thod of atificialrrepresenaion an experimental solution may be substituted for an algebraic one. ocreasing the sizeioftheoaparatusandtiThe d-c. short circuit calculating table is a satisfactory and relatively simple means of determining short circuit currents in net-All rotating apparatus has been eliminated. Generators are works, but is too inaccurate to give satisfactory solution under normal represented by phase shifting transformers; transformers by their operating conditions. equivalent circuits, and lines by lumped constants. A description An a-c. artificial representation of power networks in miniature of the apparatus used by the writers is presented, together with the has been developed by 0. R. Schurig of the General Electric Company results which were obtained by its use in the solution of several who used 3.75-kw. 110-volt three-phase generators as power stations. typical problems. An analytical check on one of the examples is Actual transformers are used, while lines and loads are made up of given, showing a precision of better than 1 per cent. PURPOSE AND SUMMARY any feeder or causing excessive voltage drop? With a T HE purpose of this paper is to describe briefly the given load on the system, what distribution among the work done by the authors under the direction of various generating stations gives the best voltage regu-Dr. V. Bush, in the Research Laboratory of the lation, the minimum losses and best distribution of load Masschusetts Institute of Technology in designing, over the various feeders? If a new tie line be put in, building, and testing apparatus for setting up miniature will it relieve or add to existing overload on the other networks, using generating station powers of 100 watts lines under some conditions? The answer to these or less. Complete voltage, current, and power solutions questions is found in numerous solutions of the network were made on several arbitrary networks. The repre-under normal steady state operation. sentation was single-phase, using phase-shifting trans-Another group of problems is presented when unusual formers for generating stations, and a vacuum tube conditions, such as short circuits, occur....
Precise regulation of the direct current which provides power for the undersea repeaters in the new transatlantic telephone cable is necessary to maintain proper transmission levels and to assure maximum repeater tube life. The highest possible degree of protection is needed against excessive currents and voltages under a wide variety of possible fault conditions. Furthermore, to minimize the dielectric stresses, a double‐ended series‐aiding power feed must be used and the balance of these applied voltages must be maintained in spite of substantial earth potentials. This paper describes the design features which were employed to attain these objectives simultaneously, while eliminating, for all practical purposes, any possibility of even a brief system outage due to power failure.
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