A field trial was carried out in the experimental farm of Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station (Middle Nile Delta) during two successive 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 growing seasons. The objective of such trials is to find out the extent to which irrigation scheme( Farmer and bed-furrow irrigation schemes) and Pfertilization rate( 15, 30 and 45 kg P2O5/fed.) influenced growth, yield, yield quality, Puse efficiency and water productivity for berseem clover var. Gemmeiza1.The treatments were arranged in splitplot experimental design with three replicates. The most important findings could be as follows:-1-Plant height values, at the different cuttings and total, in the two seasons of study, significantly reduced under bed-furrow irrigation, as compared with the farmer one.In general, leaves number/stem averages were higher, up to the third cutting in 1 st season and up to second cutting in 2 nd season, under bed-furrow irrigation, more than the farmer irrigation practice. N o of leaves/stem criterion tended to increase with bed -furrow irrigation practice. Plant height and N o of leaves/stem traits tended to increase as P-rate increased. 2-Fresh and dry berseem clover yields( at different cuttings and total) seemed to increase due to farmer irrigation scheme as compared with bed -furrow irrigation one, in both seasons of study. In addition, increasing P-rate resulted in increased values of both total fresh and dry berseem clover yields. 3-leaves/stem ratio(L/S) under bed-furrow irrigation scheme surpassed that under the farmer irrigation one, on dry weight basis. Data also revealed that increasing Prate tended to improve L/S ratio either on fresh or dry weight basis. Crude protein and crud fiber yields tended to reduce under bed-furrow irrigation ,while increasing P-rate resulted in higher crude protein and crud fiber yields. 4-The seasonal applied water under bed-furrow irrigation scheme were reduced by 19.78 and 21.14%, in 1 st and 2 nd seasons, comparable with farmer one, respectively. Moreover, bed-furrow irrigation scheme resulted in higher water productivity values on total fresh and dry berseem clover yields basis. The calculated P-Use Efficiency values were reduced under bed-furrow irrigation as compared with the farmer irrigation one. Such reduction is mainly attributed to the reduction in total fresh and dry yields under the former irrigation practice. Increasing P rate tended to enhance water productivity for berseem clover on total fresh and dry yields basis.
Maintaining the health of strategic infrastructures and bridges is crucial for effective maintenance operations. However, traditional periodical monitoring using elevating platforms is expensive and complex, leading to a search for more efficient and flexible methods. In recent years, there has been a growing adoption of non-invasive approaches such as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with optical sensors and LiDAR technologies for rapid mapping of the territory. This study presents two methodologies for bridge inspection. The first approach integrates traditional topographic and GNSS techniques with TLS and photogrammetry using cameras mounted on UAV. The second approach involves using a DJI Matrice 300 equipped with a LiDAR DJI Zenmuse L1 sensor for both manual and automatic flights. While the first approach resulted in a centimeter-accurate but time-consuming model, the UAV-LiDAR point cloud's georeferencing accuracy was less accurate in the case of manual flight under the bridge due to GNSS signal obstruction. However, a photogrammetric model reconstruction phase using Ground Control Points and photos taken by the L1-embedded camera improved the overall accuracy of the workflow. This workflow can be used for flexible, low-cost mapping of bridges when medium level accuracy (5–10 cm) is acceptable. Finally, the article presents a solution for integrating the final 3D products interactively into a Bridge Management System environment.
The purpose of this research is to improve productivity in Lotus High Tech Company (LHTC). This research used time and motion study techniques to improve the production process at LHTC. The research objectives towards accomplishing this study is to identify problems in the current method and improve it in terms of production time, number of process and production layout by proposing a new method to the manufacturing product. The current method in the manufacturing of garment in the production line involved some unnecessary steps, where the materials and components take a very long and roundabout path on their journey to the workstation, which adversely affect productivity. The proposed method eliminates these steps, which reduces production time, number of processes, and the overall increase in productivity is about 72.6%.
A Field trial was conducted in Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station (Middle Nile Delta, Egypt) in 2011and 2012 to study the effect of four irrigation patterns under two ridge spacing on maize growth, grain yield, yield components, saving of applied irrigation water, and water productivity(WP). The assessed irrigation patterns were: 1) Control where all of furrows were irrigated (ALL), 2) irrigating via every other furrow starting at the 3 rd irrigation (EOF3), 3) irrigation via every other furrow technique starting from the 4 th irrigation (EOF4), and 4) irrigating with every other furrow starting from the 5 th irrigation (EOF5). Irrigation patterns were evaluated under two ridge spacing (70 and 80 cm). The experimental design was randomized complete block arranged in incomplete block design, where replications were nested within ridge spacing and irrigation pattern treatments were randomly arranged within ridge spacing treatments. The most important findings could be as follows:-*Under 80-cm ridge spacing both days to 50% tasseling and 50% silking were significantly decreased, but 70-cm ridge spacing reduced ear height, and ear position (%). * Ridge spacing did not significantly affect plant height, grain yield, number of kernels per row, ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth, and 100-kernel weight. However, 80-cm ridge spacing was associated with higher ear length, ear diameter, kernel depth, and 100-kernel weight. *Irrigation pattern (EOF3) had significantly higher days to 50% tasseling than the control (ALL). Treatment EOF4 had the highest plant height. The lowest plant height was linked to EOF5 treatment but the highest ear height and ear position resulted from application of EOF3. *Grain yield was not significantly affected by irrigation patterns. Irrigation patterns EOF4 and EOF5 were associated with the lowest number of kernels per row. * Effect of ridge spacing x irrigation pattern Interaction was significant for plant height, ear height and kernel depth. *Applied irrigation water decreased, while water productivity increased under 80-cm comparing with 70-cm ridge spacing. The highest value of applied water was recorded for (ALL) irrigation pattern treatment with 70-cm ridge spacing. Application of EOF3, EOF4, and EOF5 patterns reduced applied irrigation water and improved water productivity. *The highest WP was recorded under the interaction of planting maize crop in 80-cm ridge spacing with EOF3 and EOF4 irrigation patterns. Saving irrigation water was higher at EOF3 followed by EOF4, then EOF5. This study strongly suggest applying every other furrow irrigation technique starting from the 3 rd irrigation (EOF3) with planting maize crop on 80-cm ridge spacing to save more irrigation water without concomitant reduction in grain yield.
Two field experiments were executed at the farm of Gemmeiza Agric. Res. Stn. during 2001and 200 seasons, to find out the extent to which alternate-furrow irrigation technique, affected water and N-utilization for maize crop.Data revealed significant reductions in applied water, due to conveying the water through alternate-furrow irrigation at, 7 or 14 days interval. Increasing N-rate resulted in increased applied water values, under the adopted irrigation techniques , a similar trend was observed regardless irrigation techniques as well.Alternate-furrow irrigation , at 14 days interval, seems to decrease the grain yield insignificantly, whereas, under alternate -furrow at 7 days interval, the figure was increased by 14,5%, as compared with every-furrow irrigation. Increasing N-rate gradually increased grain yield value, and this was true under the adopted irrigation techniques , regardless the irrigation effect too.Water Use Efficiency(WUE) values were improved under alternate-furrow irrigation, either 7 or 14 days interval, comparable to every-furrow irrigation. Increasing N-rate resulted in increased WUE values, either regarding or regardless irrigation techniques. Nitrogen Use Efficiency(NUE) seems to decrease with alternatefurrow irrigation at 14 days interval, while the corresponding value with alternatefurrow irrigation at 7 days interval was increased, compared with every-furrow irrigation. Moreover, NUE was decreased as N-rate increased, this was true under the adopted irrigation techniques ,also regardless them.Total grain-N%, grain N-uptake, grain N-recovery % and residual soil inorganic-N values, seemed to decrease under alternate-furrow irrigation at 14 days interval, compared to both alternate-furrow with 7 days interval, and every-furrow irrigation techniques. This may be due to less N-availability under the more drier conditions prevailing under such irrigation technique.
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