As the usage of wireless technology grows, it demands more complex architectures and conformal geometries, making the manufacturing of radio frequency (RF) systems challenging and expensive. The incorporation of emerging alternative manufacturing technologies, like additive manufacturing (AM), could consequently be a unique and cost-effective solution for flexible RF and microwave circuits and devices. This work presents manufacturing methodologies of 3D-printed conformal microstrip antennas made of a commercially available conductive filament, Electrifi, as the conductive trace on a commercially available nonconductive filament, NinjaFlex, as the substrate using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method of AM technology. Additionally, a complete high frequency characterization of the prototyped antenna was studied and presented here through a comparative analysis between full-wave simulation and measurements in a fully calibrated anechoic chamber. The prototyped antenna measures 65.55 × 55.55 × 1.2 mm3 in size and the measured results show that the 3D-printed Electrifi based patch antenna achieved very good impedance matching at a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz and a maximum antenna gain of −2.78 dBi. Finally, conformality performances of the developed antenna were demonstrated by placing the antenna prototype on five different cylindrical curved surfaces for possible implementation in flexible electronics, smart communications, and radar applications.
ExtractTotal glycogen phosphorylase activity in neonatal adipose tissue is significantly increased immediately after birth (0-6 hr) and rapidly decreases to a relatively constant level. Fluoride-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity in homogenates of adipose tissue from neonates is directly correlated with the length of time from the onset of labor {y = 0.665 + 7.88*; P < 0.02). No significant differences are found between infants 1-10 hr of age and 2-A days of age. The ATP content decreases rapidly in the first hours of life and is inversely correlated with the length of time since the onset of labor (logjy = -0.657 -0.0164*; P < 0.01). The ATP content starts to increase approximately 24 hr after birth. Changes in ATP content are directly correlated with glycogen content and glycerol release from neonatal adipose tissue.
SpeculationThe intensity of lipolysis in neonatal adipose tissue depends on various factors, one of the most important being an adequate energy supply. The increased glycogen content in adipose tissue immediately after birth and the rapid rate of utilization of glycogen-derived glucose appear to be major factors involved in the production of ATP required for glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and fatty acid activation during the early adaptation of the neonate to extrauterine life.
Introductionof substrate stores into utilizable form. Before the neonate is capable of covering his energy requirements by The early adaptation of the fetus to extrauterine life ingestion of sufficient milk, he is dependent on his own depends mainly on conversion of the potential energy endogenous energy sources. This time may be charac-
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.