The dynamical investigation of two-component poroelastic media is important for practical applications. Analytic solution methods are often not available since they are too complicated for the complex governing sets of equations. For this reason, often some existing numerical methods are used. In this work results obtained with the finite element method are opposed to those obtained by Schanz using the boundary element method. Not only the influence of the number of elements and time steps on the simple example of a poroelastic column but also the impact of different values of the permeability coefficient is investigated.

ÖZETAçık deniz rüzgar türbin tasarımında yaygın olarak kullanılan geniş çaplı tekil kazıklar ağır rüzgar ve dalga yüküne maruz kalırlar. Söz konusu temel sistemlerinin davranışının incelenmesine ve güvenlikli tasarım yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu amaçla, geniş çaplı tekil kazık ile tasarlanan türbin temel sisteminin davranışı sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Zemin elemanları için iki fazlı ve üç boyutlu u20p8 olarak isimlendirilen sonlu elemanlar geliştirilmiştir. Böylelikle, nümerik analizler boyunca çalışma kapsamında odaklanılmış olan, kazığın çevresindeki zeminde boşluk suyu basıncı gelişiminin elde edilmesi mümkün olabilmiştir. Zemin hipoplastik malzeme modeli ile modellenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, açık deniz yük koşullarında kazık çevresinde önemli derecede aşırı boşluk suyu basıncı gelişiminin kazık başı deplasmanlarını oldukça etkilediğini göstermiştir. Literatürde yer alan mevcut yöntemlerin geniş çaplı kazığın deplasman tahmininde yetersiz kaldığı bulgulanmıştır. Sonrasında, kazık çapı-zemin geçirimliliğine dayanan parametrik analizler yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucu aşırı boşluk suyu basıncı birikim potansiyeline bağlı, temel tasarımında kullanılabilecek, karşılıklı etkileşim diyagramı sunulmuştur.Anahtar kelimeler: Açık deniz rüzgar enerjisi türbinleri, tekil kazık temel, tekrarlı yük, hipoplastik malzeme modeli, iki fazlı model, nümerik analiz, aşırı boşluk suyu basıncı PORE WATER PRESSURE DEVELOPMENT AROUND THE MONOPILE FOUNDATIONS OF OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY CONVERTERS ABSTRACTOffshore wind energy converters (OWECs) require specific foundations due to special loading conditions. Large diameter monopiles are widely proposed for OWECs. The behavior of large diameter monopiles under cyclic lateral loads was investigated in this study by means of numerical simulation with finite element method. Special focus is given to the pore water pressure accumulation around the monopile. For this purpose a fully coupled two-phase finite element (u20p8) is developed. A hypoplastic constitutive model for the saturated sand soil is used in the numerical analyses. The results revealed that, pile head displacement is strongly dependent on excess pore water pressure (EPWP) accumulation around the monopile. Subsequently, pile diameter-hydraulic conductivity interaction diagram was derived with a parametric study to estimate the pore water pressure accumulation potential. The proposed interaction diagram enables a preliminary design tool of monopiles for offshore wind energy converters in saturated sand soils.

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Saugrohrgründungen stellen eine alternative Gründungsmöglichkeit für Offshore‐Bauwerke dar. Sie können, im Gegensatz zu den in der Regel eingesetzten Rammpfählen, weitgehend schallemissionsfrei in den Baugrund eingebracht werden. Bei der Dimensionierung von Saugrohrgründungen spielen zyklische Einwirkungen aus Wind, Wellengang und Strömung eine besondere Rolle. Diese können zur Akkumulation von bleibenden Verformungen und Porenwasserüberdrücken in wassergesättigten Böden führen und sind deshalb innerhalb der Tragfähigkeits‐ und Gebrauchstauglichkeitsnachweise zu berücksichtigen. In diesem Beitrag wird das Tragverhalten des Boden‐Saugrohr‐Systems unter zyklisch axialen Druckeinwirkungen numerisch untersucht. In den FE‐Berechnungen wird ein Zwei‐Phasen‐Modell in Verbindung mit einem hypoplastischen Stoffgesetz für den wassergesättigten Boden verwendet. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird dabei den Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Struktur, dem wassergesättigten Meeresboden und dem Porenwasser gewidmet. Der Einfluss und die Relevanz einiger der wichtigsten System‐ und Einwirkungsparameter, die die Porenwasserdruckentwicklung in wassergesättigten Böden beeinflussen, werden auf der Basis von parametrischen Studien untersucht. Darin werden die Zyklenanzahl, die Frequenz der zyklischen Einwirkung, die Einbindelänge sowie der Kopfplattendurchmesser des Saugrohres variiert. Der Einfluss von Akkumulationseffekten auf das interaktive Tragverhalten des Saugrohr‐Boden‐Systems Numerical investigations on the behaviour of suction bucket foundations under cyclic axial compressive loads Suction buckets are an alternative foundation type for offshore structures. Due to their widely noise emission‐free installation, they can be used instead of usual offshore foundations with driven piles. Cyclic loads induced by wind, water waves and currents play a special role for the design of suction bucket foundations. These loads can lead to an accumulation of permanent soil deformations and excess pore water pressures in water saturated soils. This has to be considered in ultimate limit state and serviceability design. In this paper the interaction behavior of soil‐bucket‐systems subjected to cyclic axial compressive loads is analyzed using a finite element model. A fully coupled two‐phase model and a hypoplastic constitutive model for the water saturated soil are used in the numerical analyses. Special attention will be dedicated to interactions between the structure, the water‐saturated soil and the pore water. The influence and relevance of some of the main system and loading parameters that affect the pore water pressure development in water‐saturated soil are studied on the basis of parametric studies. In there the cyclic loading number, the frequency, the embedded length and the diameter of top plate of the bucket are varied. Based on these investigations the importance and relevance of the consideration of cyclic accumulation effects with soil‐bucket‐systems is demonstrated and the key findings are presented.

 Taş kolonlarla iyileştirilmiş suya doygun kumlu zeminlerin hipoplastik malzeme modeli ile dinamik analizi / Dynamic analysis of water-saturated sandy soils improved with stone columns using the hypoplastic material model  İki Fazlı Model / Two Phase Model  Kozeny-Carman Eşitliği / Kozeny-Carman Equation  Sıvılaşma analizleri / Liquefaction analysis