Summary Grey Willow (Salix cinerea L.) poses a significant threat to wetland ecosystems in New Zealand. To manage the ecological impacts and to control further spread, cost‐effective large‐scale control methods are needed. We investigated the response of Grey Willow and dominant wetland plant groups to the aerial boom‐spray application of glyphosate at 9 L/ha and triclopyr (amine) at 18 L/ha at three New Zealand wetlands. We found glyphosate substantially reduced the dominance of tall (>2 m) Grey Willow with commensurate increases in the dominance of most native plant groups. Triclopyr (amine) application resulted in poor Grey Willow control, was not associated with increased native plant group dominance, and some native plant groups declined where triclopyr (amine) was applied. We conclude that the aerial application of glyphosate is an effective large‐scale Grey Willow control tool and could be used to initiate the restoration of native plant communities in wetlands dominated by Grey Willow. But, evidence of Grey Willow recovery after control suggests that increases in native plant dominance will be reversed as Grey Willow re‐establish. Further research is needed to determine how to maintain and enhance native plant dominance after control, and to determine how to manage Grey Willow in fen areas where the Grey Willow canopy is discontinuous and nontarget herbicide impacts can occur. The aerial boom‐spray application of triclopyr (amine) for large‐scale Grey Willow control should be discontinued as it does not provide effective control and results in negative ecological outcomes.
CHEhnSTILY AND INDUSTRY15\m in stiruulittitig enquiry into such side issues, the new view points of uiislirinltability I linvc t ricd to p u t forivnrd will, I vcnturc to h o p , servc to furt.licr incrcnsc t,hc versnt,ility of wool in t.cst,ile fnbriciit,ion. DISCUSSIONJIr. t\nclcrson, i n opening tlic discussion, referred to tlic usc of rlot,li in conncsion wit11 filter prcsscs, and itskcd if tlicrc \vi\s nn optiinuni 1111 of the solution :it wliicli n slirinking of t,lic filter cloth \vould be Lit n ~nininiiiin. Prof. King, i i i reply, siiitl tlint the sitfc ritngc st wliicli slirinkiige for woollen cloth \vould hc iit a niinininrn wiis 1'11 .I to S. IYIicn t.lic solutions werc on the iicitl side of this tltcrc would be niore liiibility of mould growth, und d i c n tlic soliitions w r c on the nlknlinc sitlc, tlic wool i\-oultl bc inorc sensitive to incipicnt Iiydrolysis iiiicl tlisiritegriition. Cotton shrinkngc wns of n tliffcrcnt iiittiirc froni t,lic milling which takes plncc in the wool fibres. Jlr. llcycs referred to 1 . 1 1~ tlit~~iiigc tlonc by sonic donicstic rotary ivnsliing nincliincs. Dr. Urnrnlcy, after referring to tlie necessity for " boarding," mid tlint it. wns not eiisy with wool to product nil iirticle t,liat tlic iicw process giivc 11 stronger ynrii, hit after scoiiring, \vns the strciigtli rcniorctl ? llc nskcd if t lie \vcitring propertics tliniinislicd iiftcr processing. \\'hen tlic c1ilorin:itio~i process wis propcrly ciirrictl out., nliorit 50% of t,lw wcaring prolmties \viis tnkcn out itrid hc wislictl to know if tlic ~i c w process \vns lwtter i n this respect.. In rcply, l'rof. King said t h t .iiftcr t rcittnicnt tlic stmngth was sliglitly lower. Tlic yiirn \v:ts tlioroiiglily scoured to rcrnovc by-products heforc 1)rocessing. lncreriscil st,rcngt,li was due to surface itrcii of colltitct. 'J'licrc is II tlificreiicc htivccn woollcn iiiid worstcd 1il)rcs ; with thc latter t.lic films iirc piiriill~l, whercns woollen fibres nrc to n Iitrgc cstcnt irrcguliir, thus giving ii inore cohcrcnt yitrn with nn nppitrciit increiise in strength. After trentinent tlicrc is 110 sulistitntinl tliffcrcncc 1)etwceii the two types. I t is wry ilifliciilt with iiiiy coniiiicrciiil trcrttmcnt t.o obtitiu penetration of tlic dyestuff, but with tlic llcw process t,lic in:it,criitl dyes unifornily t.lirouglrout rind itn ent.irely different st.andartl is rcitclietl.In conclusion tlic cliitirntitn, on bclinlf of tlic meeting, tliankcd tlic Icctiircr for his most intcrcsting tiilk and tlic skilful way in wliicli hc liitd liitndlcd tlic tliscussion.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.