As early as week 4 and through EOT, flexibly dosed solifenacin significantly improved OAB symptom bother and HRQL as well as the symptoms of urgency, frequency and incontinence compared with placebo. Significantly more solifenacin patients reported treatment benefit and satisfaction at week 12 compared with placebo.
The clinical management of renal calculi would be aided if a direct in vivo determination of stone chemical composition could be made. We investigated the possibility of obtaining this information by a quantitative analysis of the computerized tomography scan images of 80 urinary calculi. Our results show that by using an appropriately calibrated computerized tomography scanner the differentiation of stone chemical composition can be made on the basis of 3 parameters, namely, absolute computerized tomography value at a single x-ray energy, the difference between computerized tomography values measured at 2 different x-ray energies, and computerized tomography value-frequency histograms (pixel patterns) of the stones. Uric acid stones were differentiated from all other stones at a significance level of p less than 0.001. Cystine was differentiated from calcium oxalate and brushite at the same significance level. Using pixel patterns cystine and struvite were separated from each other correctly with 70 per cent accuracy. Struvite stones of low or moderate calcium phosphate content were identified correctly with 80 per cent accuracy. Struvite stones of high calcium phosphate content could not be differentiated from calcium oxalate or brushite. Calcium oxalate and brushite could not be separated. The minimum stone size that allowed chemical identification was established for each stone type. In addition, we demonstrated that all the urinary calculi examined were visible on computerized tomography scan regardless of chemical composition or size.
The polymorphic restriction fragments of the human Ha-ras locus, produced by the variable tandem repetition (VTR) of a short consensus sequence, fall into three classes based on allelic frequencies. Alleles of the "rare" class (individual frequencies less than 0.5%) have been detected only in white blood cell and tumor DNA of cancer patients. This phenomenon is independent of ethnic origin. No significant association of rare alleles with cancer patients has been demonstrated at an independent tandem repeat locus, VTR4.1. The results suggest that the Ha-ras restriction fragment length polymorphism is useful in cancer risk assessment.
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