The success of the Apgar score demonstrates the astounding power of an appropriate clinical instrument. This down-to-earth book provides practical advice, underpinned by theoretical principles, on developing and evaluating measurement instruments in all fields of medicine. It equips you to choose the most appropriate instrument for specific purposes. The book covers measurement theories, methods and criteria for evaluating and selecting instruments. It provides methods to assess measurement properties, such as reliability, validity and responsiveness, and interpret the results. Worked examples and end-of-chapter assignments use real data and well-known instruments to build your skills at implementation and interpretation through hands-on analysis of real-life cases. All data and solutions are available online. This is a perfect course book for students and a perfect companion for professionals/researchers in the medical and health sciences who care about the quality and meaning of the measurements they perform.

On the basis of the literature, a heuristic conceptual framework of individual work performance was proposed. This framework can serve as a theoretical basis for future research and practice.

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absences due to mental and behavioural disorders (162 days) with an average of 10.13 days. Other health workers were farthest from diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (263 days). Conclusions To know the health profile of the worker helps in developing policies and strategies for promoting worker health. Objectives The absenteeism in nursing staff has been the focus of many studies in different countries revealing a serious problematic in occupational health. The absenteeism according the lost workdays highlights the impact on patient care and the costs for the health institutions. Aimed analyse the sickness absenteeism in Brazilian nursing staff. Methods Descriptive and quantitative study, accomplished after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee, was conducted in seven hospitals located in different Brazilian geographic regions, which constituted the intentional sample. The data were collected by Surveillance System of the Health Nursing Workers -SIMOSTE, on line system, validated and made available to record and capture data about the nursing health problems related to work. The data were sent by the settings, treated quantitatively and analysed by descriptive statistic. Results Of the 890 occurrences captured by SIMOSTE in one year, there were 8081 days of sick leave, caused by mental disorders (30,75%), work-related musculoskeletal disorders (19,20%), and consequences of external causes (14,90%). The sick leaves, although work-related, were most recorder as medical licences (83,00%). This situation is extremely worrying, due to work overload that generate these absences to nursing staff, and the impact on quality of care provided to patients. Conclusions The sick leave days are considered days lost. It means that in one year were 22 years of work. The mental disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system were the main causes of absence, confirming the pattern of sickness among nursing staff. This study allow us to disseminate advances in nursing research related to the health system and health services strategies. 49 Session: G. Hazard identification (psycho social) 50 IMPROVING SAFE WORK PERFORMANCE IN UNDERGROUND COAL MINING OPERATIONS BASED ON WORKERS' OPINIONSA R Dehdashti. Semnan University of Medical sciences, Semnan, Iran 10. 1136/oemed-2013-101717.50 Objective This study examined the opinions of coal mine workers and managers in relation to safety rules and regulations and safe work procedures in three underground coal mines located in Semnan province in Iran. Methods Individual interviews were used to find out the opinions and attitudes of workers and managers through the use of a structured questionnaire. Safety staff carried out interviews mainly investigated the level of workers' awareness and knowledge on rules and regulations and safe work procedures concerning general and specific tasks. Our survey was based on 195 coalmine workers, aged 27-58 years, and 23 managers and supervisors. Results The study showed that 45% of workers had limited awareness abou...

ObjectivesRecord review is the most used method to quantify patient safety. We systematically reviewed the reliability and validity of adverse event detection with record review.DesignA systematic review of the literature.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library and from their inception through February 2015. We included all studies that aimed to describe the reliability and/or validity of record review. Two reviewers conducted data extraction. We pooled κ values (κ) and analysed the differences in subgroups according to number of reviewers, reviewer experience and training level, adjusted for the prevalence of adverse events.ResultsIn 25 studies, the psychometric data of the Global Trigger Tool (GTT) and the Harvard Medical Practice Study (HMPS) were reported and 24 studies were included for statistical pooling. The inter-rater reliability of the GTT and HMPS showed a pooled κ of 0.65 and 0.55, respectively. The inter-rater agreement was statistically significantly higher when the group of reviewers within a study consisted of a maximum five reviewers. We found no studies reporting on the validity of the GTT and HMPS.ConclusionsThe reliability of record review is moderate to substantial and improved when a small group of reviewers carried out record review. The validity of the record review method has never been evaluated, while clinical data registries, autopsy or direct observations of patient care are potential reference methods that can be used to test concurrent validity.

Manual therapy (spinal mobilisation) is more effective and less costly for treating neck pain than physiotherapy or care by a general practitioner.

Psychosomatic factors appear to be more strongly related to the occurrence of neck and/or shoulder and back complaints than the type and weight of the schoolbag and other physical factors. The role of psychosomatic factors should be further explored in future longitudinal research.

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