We present a new high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of 1T -TiSe2 in both, its room-temperature, normal phase and its low-temperature, charge-density wave phase. At low temperature the photoemission spectra are strongly modified, with large band renormalisations at highsymmetry points of the Brillouin zone and a very large transfer of spectral weight to backfolded bands. A theoretical calculation of the spectral function for an excitonic insulator phase reproduces the experimental features with very good agreement. This gives strong evidence in favour of the excitonic insulator scenario as a driving force for the charge-density wave transition in 1T -TiSe2. PACS numbers:Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC's) are layered compounds exhibiting a variety of interesting physical properties, mainly due to their reduced dimensionality [1]. One of the most frequent characteristics is a ground state exhibiting a charge-density wave (CDW), with its origin arising from a particular topology of the Fermi surface and/or a strong electron-phonon coupling [2]. Among the TMDC's 1T -TiSe 2 shows a commensurate 2×2×2 structural distortion below 202 K, accompanied by the softening of a zone boundary phonon and with changes in the transport properties [3,4]. In spite of many experimental and theoretical studies, the driving force for the transition remains controversial. Several angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) studies suggested either the onset of an excitonic insulator phase [5,6] or a band Jahn-Teller effect [7]. Furthermore, TiSe 2 has recently attracted strong interest due to the observation of superconductivity when intercalated with Cu [8]. In systems showing exotic properties, such as Kondo systems for example [9], the calculation of the spectral function has often been a necessary and decisive step for the interpretation of the ARPES data and the determination of the ground state of the systems. In the case of 1T -TiSe 2 , such a calculation for an excitonic insulator phase lacked so far.In this letter we present a high-resolution ARPES study of 1T -TiSe 2 , together with theoretical calculations of the excitonic insulator phase spectral function for this compound. We find that the experimental ARPES spectra show strong band renormalisations with a very large transfer of spectral weight into backfolded bands in the low-temperature phase. The spectral function calculated for the excitonic insulator phase is in strikingly good * Electronic address: herve.cercellier@unine.ch agreement with the experiments, giving strong evidence for the excitonic origin of the transition.The excitonic insulator model was first introduced in the sixties, for a semi-conductor or a semi-metal with a very small indirect gap E G [10,11,12,13]. Thermal excitations lead to the formation of holes in the valence band and electrons in the conduction band. For low free carrier densities, the weak screening of the electronhole Coulomb interaction leads to the formation of stable electron-hole bound states, called excito...

Photoemission spectromicroscopy was used to investigate the electronic structure of TiO2 anatase single crystals and polycrystalline thin films. The stoichiometry and the degree of oxidation of as-grown crystals, as-deposited films, as well as of thermally annealed samples in different atmospheres, were analyzed, based on the Ti 2p and O 1s core levels, with an energy resolution of 0.4 eV. The experimental density of states (DOS) was found to be in agreement with the theoretical DOS reported in the literature for anatase crystals, and shows some characteristics similar to the experimental DOS reported for rutile crystals. In reduced samples, the experimental DOS is characterized by intense emission in the region of O 2p bonding orbitals, and does not exhibit an appreciable density of states in the band gap. As-grown crystals exhibit small band gap emission (a few percent of the valence band VB signal) at about 0.8 eV, which is attributed to Ti3+ (3d) defect states. Annealing the crystals at high temperatures in O2 or subsequent thermal reduction in an Ar–H2 mixture (95%–5%) produces nearly stoichiometric surfaces with smaller or undetectable density of Ti3+ states. In addition, some redistribution of the spectral weight is observed in the VB spectra.

(today) SrRuO3 is a metallic ferromagnet. Its electrical resistivity is reported for temperatures up to 1000K; its Hall coefficient for temperatures up to 300K; its specific heat for temperatures up to 230K. The energy bands have been calculated by self-consistent spin-density functional theory, which finds a ferromagnetic ordered moment of 1.45µB per Ru atom. The measured linear specific heat coefficient γ is 30mJ/mole, which exceeds the theoretical value by a factor of 3.7. A transport mean free path at room temperature of ≈ 10Å is found. The resistivity increases nearly linearly with temperature to 1000K in spite of such a short mean free path that resistivity saturation would be expected. The Hall coefficient is small and positive above the Curie temperature, and exhibits both a low-field and a high-field anomalous behavior below the Curie temperature.65.40. Em,75.40.Cx,71.25.Pi,72.15.Eb,72.15.Gd

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Resistivity, thermopower, and Hall-effect measurements on large single crystals of the anatase form of TiO2 all indicate high mobility n-type carriers that are produced by thermal excitation from a density of ∼1018 cm−3 putatively present shallow donor states. The decrease of the mobility with increasing temperature is consistent with the scattering of carriers by the optical phonons of TiO2.