The article presents an analysis of the procurement and consumption of feed in the livestock industries of the Orenburg region for 2009–2018 and assesses the state of the fodder base of regional agricultural production, the main factors aff ecting the productivity of cattle and pigs due to the imbalance in the nutritional and energy value of feed. The trends in the development of feed production are systematized and measures are proposed to improve the state of feed production, ensuring sustainable development of agricultural production in the region. Based on the analysis of the state of feed production and the provision of animal husbandry industries with feed, the factors of dependence of animal productivity on the level of feeding and feed quality are scientifically substantiated; for the effective development of feed production, which affects the productivity and efficiency of production in animal husbandry, it is necessary to change the structure of crops and the eff ective use of natural hayfi elds and pastures; the identifi ed trends in feed production allowed us to substantiate and propose a set of priority measures for improving and improving the feed base, increasing the production and technical potential of feed production in the region.
Personal subsidiary farms are the most important sector of the agrarian economy, a factor of survival and ensuring food security for most people, providing more than half of the food in the country. The purpose of the research was to analyze the evolution of the formation of households and small farms of the population in Russia. The evolutionary and chronological development and formation of Russian household farmsteads and private farms of the population have been presented in the article. The main stages of the development of households of the population as the most important socio-economic institution and contribution to the agricultural sector of the economy are substantiated. We believe that the eff ective and successful development of private farms will signifi cantly reduce the time frame for the implementation of the food problem and the independence of the country. The income level of the rural population is 3 times lower than the national average. An increase in production volumes in subsidiary farms will help to reduce this gap and solve the country’s food security. Eff ective state support for smallscale farming and personal subsidiary farms is the most important basis for the eff ective development of agricultural production and food security of the country. The system of state support should be aimed at the development of livestock industries in private farms. In this regard, fi nancial resources are needed for the construction of livestock facilities and their equipment, feed and young animals are needed. Without the effective assistance of the state and the provision of funds, the development and diversification of private farms is not possible, farmers have nowhere to take or borrow them, and feed and young farm animals can be obtained in the public economy on mutually beneficial and agreed terms of cooperation.
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