Recently, networks have shifted from traditional in-house servers to third-party-managed cloud platforms due to its cost-effectiveness and increased accessibility toward its management. However, the network remains reactive, with less accountability and oversight of its overall security. Several emerging technologies have restructured our approach to the security of cloud networks; one such approach is the zero-trust network architecture (ZTNA), where no entity is implicitly trusted in the network, regardless of its origin or scope of access. The network rewards trusted behaviour and proactively predicts threats based on its users’ behaviour. The zero-trust network architecture is still at a nascent stage, and there are many frameworks and models to follow. The primary focus of this survey is to compare the novel requirement-specific features used by state-of-the-art research models for zero-trust cloud networks. In this manner, the features are categorized across nine parameters into three main types: zero-trust-based cloud network models, frameworks and proofs-of-concept. ZTNA, when wholly realized, enables network administrators to tackle critical issues such as how to inhibit internal and external cyber threats, enhance the visibility of the network, automate the calculation of trust for network entities and orchestrate security for users. The paper further focuses on domain-specific issues plaguing modern cloud computing networks, which leverage choosing and implementing features necessary for future networks and incorporate intelligent security orchestration, automation and response. The paper also discusses challenges associated with cloud platforms and requirements for migrating to zero-trust architecture. Finally, possible future research directions are discussed, wherein new technologies can be incorporated into the ZTA to build robust trust-based enterprise networks deployed in the cloud.
Service-oriented software engineering is a software engineering methodology focussed on the development of software systems. The systematic application of technological and scientific knowledge depends on the methodology, experience, design for obtaining efficient implementation, testing and software documentation. Software effort estimation (SEE) plays an essential role in reusable service for ensembling the effort estimation of the software development. Effort estimation is the most efficient process applied in software engineering for the prediction of effort. SEE methods are utilised to achieve the effort, cost and human resources with the assistance of the dataset. It is hard to predict the cost, effort, size and schedule consistently through SEE and hence it causes damage to software enterprises. To overwhelm these limitations, an enhanced support vector regression algorithm is used that extracts the features and delivers the relevant features. This algorithm is used to standardise for main features and is related to the supervised learning algorithms. From this, the best features are extracted followed by the elimination of weakest features using the enhanced recursive elimination algorithm. From the selected features, an enhanced random forest classification is used to classify the results. The outcomes are executed to offer the best accuracy and thereby providing efficient prediction of effort estimation. Finally, the performance is measured with parameters such as Magnitude of Balanced Relative Error (MBRE), mean absolute residual, mean inverted balanced relative error, mean magnitude of error relative and mean magnitude of relative error. On comparing the existing methodologies, it is concluded that the proposed work offers better efficiency.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In the present medical age, the focus on prevention and prediction is achieved using the medical internet of things. With a broad and complete framework, effective behavioral, environmental, and physiological criteria are necessary to govern the major healthcare sectors. Wearables play an essential role in personal health monitoring data measurement and processing. We wish to design a variable and flexible frame for broad parameter monitoring in accordance with the convenient mode of wearability. In this study, an innovative prototype with a handle and a modular IoT portal is designed for environmental surveillance. The prototype examines the most significant parameters of the surroundings. This strategy allows a bidirectional link between end users and medicine via the IoT gateway as an intermediate portal for users with IoT servers in real time. In addition, the doctor may configure the necessary parameters of measurements via the IoT portal and switch the sensors on the wearables as a real-time observer for the patient. Thus, based on goal analysis, patient situation, specifications, and requests, medications may define setup criteria for calculation. With regard to privacy, power use, and computation delays, we established this system’s performance link for three common IoT healthcare circumstances. The simulation results show that this technique may minimize processing time by 25.34%, save energy level up to 72.25%, and boost the privacy level of the IoT medical device to 17.25% compared to the benchmark system.
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