BACKGROUND: Four trappers presented to the Middlesex-London Health Unit in November, 1997 with similar clinical presentations. All four complained of fever, chills and headache, and three of the four had severe muscle aches. All gave histories of trapping raccoons before the onset of illness. Three of the four men exhibited diagnostic seroconversions toLeptospira grippotyphosa.OBJECTIVE: To describe the four suspected cases of leptospira infections and to determine whether raccoons might serve as a reservoir of infection using field studies.DESIGN: Raccoon serology were undertaken using the microscopic agglutination test against eight serovars ofLeptospira interrogansincludingL grippotyphosa. Raccoons were trapped using Tomahawk live traps, anaesthetized with intramuscular injection of ketamine and acepromazine, bled by cardiac puncture and released.RESULTS: Forty-two raccoons were trapped in Middlesex (n=36) and Kent counties (n=6) from April 25 to May 2, 1998, and 10 (23.8%) of these animals had antibodies toL grippotyphosa.CONCLUSIONS: Infections due toL grippotyphosaor a closely related serovar are a risk for trappers in Ontario, and raccoons are a likely reservoir of this bacterium.
This paper seeks to discuss the differential diagnosis of childhood encephalitis and to review the course of investigation in a child presenting with encephalopathy, encephalitis and meningoencephalitis. The paper also reviews the current understanding of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and presents the crucial therapeutic alternatives in the management of childhood encephalitis, including ADEM and infectious diseases.
Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus was isolated from young salmonids, including Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar), in 9 of the 13 fish culture stations of the Canadian Maritime Provinces. The virus was isolated in tissue culture and identified serologically. There was no evidence of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Egtved disease).
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