Schwannoma is a solitary, benign tumour arising from the neural sheath Schwann cells of the peripheral, cranial or autonomic nerves. In the head and neck region, it occurs most commonly in association with the acoustic nerve within the skull and is rarely found in oral structures. When it is found in oral structures, the tongue is reported to be the favoured site. Schwannoma of the tonsil is extremely rare, with only two cases reported in the literature. We report what is, to our knowledge, the third case of schwannoma of the tonsil, diagnosed by histopathology.

Background: Determination of attitude and awareness towards epilepsy in general population. Despite successfully achievement of management of epilepsy in hospitals, the efforts to assess the awareness and mass education is very limited.Methods: Total 880 participants were required to answer a series of questionnaires related to demographic data, awareness, attitude towards epilepsy with details of their first aid management and their source of information for the same.Results: Concerning attitude, 14.65% would object having their children associated with epilepsy. 72.16% would object to marry or their children marrying an epileptic. 8.86% thought epilepsy as a form of insanity. Concerning knowledge, the 33% will seek others help as a first aid measure and 50% don’t have any source of information regarding first aid management.Conclusions: The results indicate considerable amount of social stigma still exist and alarming fact was even the educated people still think it as a social stigma and are biased. Awareness needs to be enhanced through various knowledge campaigns. Stress on proper first aid measure to a seizing person needs to be addressed to remove fear and anxiety among the public.

To find prevalence of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) among auto drivers in central Bangalore using a structured questionnaire and audiometric evaluation. To establish a relation between age and duration of work to the presence of noise induced hearing loss among the autorickshaw drivers. To assess the validity of the questionnaire as a screening tool.A cross sectional study conducted in VV Puram, Bangalore from April-August 2019. 100 autorickshaw drivers were subjected to Pure tone audiometry (PTA) evaluation and were asked to answer a self-structured questionnaire comprising of 9 questions. Each question was scored from 0 to 3, making 27 the maximum score a person could obtain. Based on the score they were categorised as mild (6-10), moderate (10-20) and severe ([ 20) hearing loss. Any dip found in the bone conduction in the audiometry at higher frequencies was labelled as presence of NIHL. Age and duration of working hours were noted in order to establish the relation of the two with the presence of noise induced hearing loss.The prevalence of NIHL among the study samples was found to be 40% based on the questionnaire and audiometry test combined. The questionnaire showed a sensitivity of 80% reflecting that it is an efficient tool for screening NIHL among the auto drivers. Prevelance of NIHL was found to be higher among older and study groups with longer working hours. Though majority of the auto drivers did not complain of a hearing loss, a structured questionnaire combined with a pure tone audiometric evaluation helped in identification of early changes of NIHL.

Background: There has been an increase in morbidity in low birth weight infants, since the advancement in field of neonatology. Mechanical ventilation is one of the important life saving intervention in these babies and if prolonged, it is known to cause various morbidities like bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, vocal cord injury. In this study we want to know effect of antenatal steroids on assisting in early extubation and in minimising duration of ventilation and prevention of reintubations.Methods: This study is a prospective observational study. The study was conducted in Kempegowda institute of medical sciences, Bangalore. Total of 60 low birth weight infants (<2500gm) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and were on mechanical ventilator support were included in the study. The study was conducted for a duration of 18 months, between January 2019 to June 2020.Results: Out of 60 cases 49 of neonates underwent successful extubation and 11 had failed extubation and were reintubated. Out of 49 successful extubation cases 18 mothers were not given antenatal steroids and 7 of them received 1 dose and 24 received 2 doses of betamethasone respectively. Among failed extubation group 7 mothers had not received steroids and 2 had received one and 2 doses respectively.Conclusions: In this study, we were able to know the effect on antenatal steroids on duration of mechanical ventilation and also about their effect on extubation success.

A 3 month old infant exclusively breast fed presented with vomiting and poor weight gain with purpuric and echymotic patches all over the body. The child also had hyperpigmentation over knuckles and icterus. Laboratory investigations revealed severe dimorphic anemia with thrombocytopenia, elevated bilirubin and LDH levels and severe vitamin B12 deficiency. Following vitamin B12 supplementation there was improvement in well-being including feed tolerance, icterus resolved and in follow up lab studies there was improvement in hemoglobin and platelet counts along with reduced bilirubin levels. Through this case report we want to emphasize the possibility of vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as hemolytic anemia and psuedothrombotic microangiopathy.

Background: There has been an increase in morbidity in low birth weight infants, since the advancement in field of neonatology. Various resuscitation methods and life saving interventions are associated with adverse effects. One such intervention is mechanical ventilation and if prolonged, it is known to cause various morbidities like bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, vocal cord injury. In this study we are considering the effect of duration of ventilation on retinopathy of prematurity.Methods: This study is a prospective study, an observational study. The study was conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore. Total of 60 low birth weight infants (<2500gm) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and were on mechanical ventilator support were included in the study. The study was conducted for a duration of 18 months, between January 2019 to June 2020.Results: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was seen in 19 cases and was the most common complication associated with increasing duration of mechanical ventilation, which accounted for 48% of total complications, followed by abnormal otoacoustic emission (OAE) 17.95%, pneumothorax 10.26%, apnea 7.69%, pneumonia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia 5.13% and Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) and seizures 2.46%.Conclusions: In this study, we were able to know the common complications involved in prolonged mechanical ventilation. This provides us to think about needs for measures to reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation and thereby reducing morbidities associated with it.

Background: Identifying common etiological organisms among cases of suspected sepsis and their sensitivity pattern for common antibiotics will help in initiating appropriate therapy. Finding association of positive culture with other markers of infection like total leucocyte count, haemoglobin, C-reactive protein.Methods: Descriptive and an observational study conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, hospital paediatric intensive care unit, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Data was collected prospectively. Duration of study was for 1 year from February 2018 to February 2019.Results: During the study, 52 cases admitted to paediatric intensive care unit were suspected to have sepsis and 91 samples were sent for culture. Out of these, 46 were blood, 34 were of urine and 11 others (pleural, CSF, ET). Among these samples tested 26% (18) of blood, 23.5% (8) of urine and 45.45% (5) of other samples showed organisms.Conclusions: In this study, author were able to know the common etiological agent involved in sepsis. Author were able to identify the antibiotic sensitivity patterns among various organism which provide valid data for initiation of appropriate treatment.

A patient with diffuse axonal injury, with compound type 2 fracture of left tibia and fat embolism, post road traffic accident, was taken up for tracheostomy. He was diagnosed to have developed bilateral pneumothorax following the procedure, which according to literature has been of rare incidence. The causes of the pneumothorax following the procedure could be attributed to a tear or trauma in the posterior tracheal wall while inserting the tube or due to the rupture of alveolar bullae or bleb.