The results suggest FLIM could be a viable alternative to skin biopsies without the usual patient discomfort and limitations, thereby enabling the direct measurement of skin distribution through longitudinal monitoring. These results are the first step in establishing the unique capabilities that multiphoton imaging could provide to patients through noninvasive drug detection.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has a crucial role in vitiligo development. Recently, nanomedicine such as nanoparticle-based therapy has been attempted as a new approach for ROS-mediated pathophysiology. A palladium and platinum nanoparticle solution, PAPLAL (approved in Japan), reportedly exerts antioxidant activity in vivo and is effective in vitiligo therapy, but the mechanism is unknown. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related 2 (NRF2) regulate ROS production; thus, we hypoth
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