Intracystic papillary carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor of the breast. It occurs communally in postmenopausal women. Clinically it can be asymptomatic or manifested by a breast mass or a nipple discharge. On imaging intracystic papillary carcinoma has usually benign features. Pathologic diagnosis can be difficult at classical histological examination and identification of myoepithelial cells layer by immunohistochemical study can be useful. In the majority of cases of pure intracystic papillary carcinoma, conservative management is possible. Adjuvant therapy is still controversial and prognosis is excellent. We report three cases of intracystic papillary carcinoma diagnosed on immunohistochemical examination and managed with conservative surgery.
Bladder stone can exceptionally cause an obstetrical dystocia. A combined procedure of cesarean section with a cystolithotomy is the most advocated attitude. The authors reported a rare case of mechanical dystocia caused by a bladder stone in a 27 year-old multiparous women. The diagnosis was suspected during labor and a vaginal examination revealed a large firm mass in the anterior vagina wall. This mass was responsible for an obstruction of the pelvis requiring a cesarean section. A cystotomy was performed intraoperatively and a bladder stone weighing 130 g and measuring 8 x 6 x 4 cm(3) was extracted. The postoperative course was uneventful.
BackgroundLymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) is the most frequent extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis (TB). Studies of human tuberculosis at sites of disease are limited. LNTB provides a unique opportunity to compare local in situ and peripheral blood immune response in active Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) disease. The present study analysed T regulatory cells (Treg) frequency and activation along with CD4+ T cell function in lymph nodes from LNTB patients.ResultsLymph node mononuclear cells (LNMC) were compared to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). LNMC were enriched for CD4+ T cells with a late differentiated effector memory phenotype. No differences were noted in the frequency and mutifunctional profile of memory CD4+ T cells specific for Mtb. The proportion of activated CD4+ and Tregs in LNMC was increased compared to PBMC. The correlation between Tregs and activated CD4+ T cells was stronger in LNMC than PBMC. Tregs in LNMC showed a strong positive correlation with Th1 cytokine production (IL2, IFNγ and TNFα) as well as MIP-1α after Mtb antigen stimulation. A subset of Tregs in LNMC co-expressed HLA-DR and CD38, markers of activation.ConclusionFurther research will determine the functional relationship between Treg and activated CD4+ T cells at lymph node sites of Mtb infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12865-018-0266-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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