ABSTRAKSTiga perempat wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) merupakan wilayah perairan.NKRI adalah negara kepulauan dengan jumlah pulau terbanyak di dunia yaitu 17.504 pulau serta mempunyai panjang garis pantai terpanjang kedua di dunia setelah Kanada. Kebiasaan nelayan Indonesia memasuki wilayah perairan negara lain membuat nelayan Indonesia ditangkap oleh penegak hukum negara lain. Kebiasaan nelayan Indonesia memasuki wilayah perikanan Australia kerap menimbulkan pasang surut hubungan kedua negara. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dibuat prototipe perangkat yang dapat memberikan informasi kepada nelayan ketika berlayar bahwa posisi kapal melanggar batas perairan negara lain atau tidak. Sebagian besar kapal-kapal nelayan tradisional tersebut tidak dilengkapi dengan alat navigasi yang memadai. Sehingga perlu perangkat yang dapat memberikan informasi dini kepada jika telah mendekati batas zona perairan negara lain. Prototipe dibuat dengan menggunakan Arduino Mega 2560 / Arduino Uno dan GPS Neo-6M. Modul GPS Neo 6M digunakan sebagai penentuan lokasi posisi kapal kapal, posisi kapal latitude (x) dan longitude (y). Kemudian titik-titik pada garis perbatasan garis, data latitude (x i ) dan longitude (y i ) diinputkan terlebih dahulu dalam mikrokontroller. Mikrokontroller menghitung jarak posisi kapal dengan titik-titik pada garis perbatasan. Dari pengujian dan pengambilan data yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa rata-rata error dengan Arduino Mega adalah 3,19 % dan dengan menggunakan Arduino Uno nilai error (rata-rata) adalah 5,32 %.
Policy Evaluation of the Imposition of Restrictions on Emergency Community Activities (PPKM) as a policy aimed at preventing the spread of COVID-19. This policy is based on the instructions of the Minister of Home Affairs. This research is a socio-legal legal research with primary data in the form of a questionnaire distributed randomly to the community in East Java Province. The secondary data in this study are books, journal articles, and websites related to the legal system theory of Lawrence Friedman. The results of this study confirm that this policy is not optimal because it does not meet the aspects of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture in society as proposed by Lawrence Friedman. Therefore, it is hoped that optimization of aspects of legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture is needed to make a policy effective.
Traditional ships are dependent on diesel which functions not only as a propulsion, but also to supply power to the tools they use. This causes a decrease in the profits obtained by fishermen considering that the price of diesel fuel is increasingly expensive. This problem is also supported by the availability of diesel which is one of the non-renewable fossil fuels on earth which is getting thinner. The design and calculation of electrical power to supply tools that can make fishermen more effective in catching fish where the electrical energy obtained come from solar energy and is assisted by a portable generator as an emergency supply. The innovation of using solar energy as an effort to reduce the use of solar which will indirectly save fishermen's expenses. The 3GT fishing boat uses 4 solar panels with 450Wp specifications. This fishing boat design is equipped with radar, AIS, and navigation lights.
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