Twenty eight pre-identified fungal isolates and strains were tested qualitatively for their cellulolytic activities, among which 12 superior producers were quantitatively tested. Three Aspergillus spp. namely A5, A6 and A7 were found to be the best cellulolytic fungi, while both Aspergillus terreus NRRL260 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium NRRL6361 were found to be the best xylanase producers. On solid state fermentation (SSF) using pretreated rice straw (RS), the Aspergillus spp. A5, A6 and A7 gave total cellulases (as FPase), exocellulases (as CMCase) and cellobiase (as β-glucosidase) activities of ≥ 16, 130 and 21U.g-1 ds, respectively. On the other hand, Aspergillus terreus NRRL260 showed maximum xylanases activity of 804 U.g-1 ds. The recovered crude enzymes forming the crude enzyme mixture (CEM) was concentrated (LCEM), ammonium sulfate fractionated (PPE1), were semi-purified by gel permeation on Sephadex G100 and finally lyophilized to powder form (PPE2). The resulting cellulases specific activities were 0.50, 0.68, 1.01 and 1.47 U.mg-1 , respectively. Those purification and concentration steps resulted in purification fold increase by 1.28, 2.08 and 2.78 for LCEM, PPE1 and PPE2, respectively. PPE2 achieved maximum degree of saccharification (DoS) at enzyme load ≥ 10 FPU, substrate concentration ≥ 5% and incubation period after 48 hr to be 85%, 87% and 88%, respectively.
Background: One of the most bothersome complaints from women after a caesarean section is pain (C.S). A possible method for reducing this pain is the use of non-pharmacological approaches like the finger handheld relaxation technique. Aim of this study was to assess the effect of finger handheld relaxation technique on incisional pain intensity among post caesarean women. Subjects and Method. Study design: -Quasi experimental design study & control group was utilized in the current study. Setting: The study was conducted at the postpartum unit-maternity hospital at zagazig University Hospital, Subjects: A purposive sample of totally one hundred and two (102) postnatal women were recruited to participate in the study using a purposive sampling technique, 51 women as experimental group and 51 women as control group. Tools of data collection: Three tools were used for data collection; structured interviewing questionnaire, numerical rating scale & Likert Scale. Results: Indicated that; after the intervention, finger handheld relaxation technique significantly decreased pain intensity among post cesarean women in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that; the finger handheld relaxation technique was effective, inexpensive and simple method available to help post-csection women with pain management. Recommendations: Based on the findings of the current study the following recommendation is suggested: finger handheld relaxation technique should be integrated into the post-C.S. nursing intervention protocols.
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