A half diallyl cross among eight new yellow maize inbred lines, i.e. Gm. 142, Gm. 224, Gm. 233, Gm. 152, Gm. 297, Gm. 330, Gm. 201, and Gm. 303, was made in 2015 summer season. Twenty eight F1 crosses along with two yellow commercial check hybrids, SC162 and SC168 were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications at two locations (Gemmeiza, Gharbia and Sids, Bani Sweif, Egypt) in 2016 summer season to study the combining ability to identify the most superior parental inbred lines that produce superior hybrids and develop high yielding new yellow single crosses. Results indicated that mean squares of crosses exhibited significant or highly significant for all studied traits. Mean squares due to GCA and SCA were significant or highly significant for all studied traits at combined over the two locations, except GCA for ear diameter trait and SCA for ear length trait, which were non-significant. The ratio of GCA/SCA was more than unity for all studied traits at combined over the two locations, except days to 50% silking and ear diameter traits, indicating that additive gene was more important than non-additive gene action. The interaction between GCA and SCA and locations were highly significant for all studied traits, except GCA x Loc. for ear diameter trait and SCA x Loc. for ear length trait. The magnitude of the interaction was highest for GCA × locations than the SCA × locations for plant height, ear height, ear length and grain yield, indicates that additive genetic variance was influenced by environment and the additive component interacted more with the environment than the non-additive and vice versa for days to 50% silking and ear diameter. According to analysis of GCA effects, the best general combiners were P3 (Gm.233) for earliness; P4 (Gm.152), P5 (Gm.297), P6 (Gm.330) and P7 (Gm.201) for plant height (shortness); P5 (Gm.297), P6 (Gm.330) and P7 (Gm.201) towards lower ear position; P4 (Gm.152) and P6 (Gm.330) for ear length; P1 (Gm.142) for ear diameter; and P1 (Gm.142), P5 (Gm.297) and P8 (Gm.303) for grain yield. Based on mean performance and SCA effects analysis, there were seven crosses No.
Seventeen yellow inbred lines of maize were crossed with two yellow inbred testers Gm1002 and Gm 1021 to produce 38 hybrids during summer of 2016 at Gemmeiza research station. In summer seasons of 2017 the 38 hybrids and two checks were evaluated at two locations; Gemmeiza and sids research stations. The rustles of these studies might be summarized as follows, locations mean square were highly significant for all studied traits under combined data. The additive and additive x additive gene actions played more important role in the inheritance of for plant height and ear length from combined data, while, the non-additive gene action was more important for days to 50% silking, ear height, ear diameter and grain yield at Gemmeiza, Sids and the combined analysis. The results indicated that grain yield for inbred lines (Gm 23, 45, 46 and 53) had desirable positive and significant GCA (g^i). Two crosses namely (Gm 24x Gm 1021) (36.5 ard./fed.) and (Gm 46x Gm 1021) (35.4 ard./fed.) had desirable significant superiority percentage for grain yield compared with the best check hybrid, Sc 168 (32.1 ard./ fed.).
Nineteen yellow maize (zea mays L.) inbred lines were top crossed with two inbred lines testers; GZ 658 and SD 3120 in season 2015. In 2016 summer season, these 38 crosses were evaluated in a randomized complete blocks designs experiment with four replications at two locations; Sakha and Sids, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt. Locations mean square were highly significant for all traits. Mean squares of crosses and their partitions (lines, testers and lines x testers) showed highly significant for all traits under this study except, testers mean square for ear height and ear diameter and lines x testers for ear height and ear length. The additive and additive x additive gene actions played more important in the inheritance traits; days to 50% silking, ear length, ear diameter and grain yield, while, the non-additive gene actions in the inheritance traits pant and ear height. The inbred lines (L1, L7 and L14) and the tester GZ 658 had desirable positive and significant (g^i) for grain yield (ard/ fad) (ardab (ard) =140 kg, faddan (fad) = 4200 m 2 ). Five crosses: L1 x Gz 658 (35.86 ard/ fad), L2 x Gz 658(34.86 ard/ fad), L7 x Sd 3120 (35.66 ard/ fad), L14 x Gz 658 (35.20 ard/ fad) and L15 x Gz 658 (34.79 ard/ fad) had highly significant for grain yield (ard/ fad) more than the highest check Sc 168 (30.13 ard/ fad).
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