SummaryA family with a high incidence of spontaneous thromboembolism has been investigated and those members affected were found to have significantly depressed levels of plasma and serum heparin cofactor activity; i.e., antithrombin III and anti-Xa activity. Further studies revealed that despite a marked diminution of antithrombin III activity in these patients measurement of antithrombin III by immunological techniques showed the levels to be normal. It is concluded that this anomaly represents a defect in the synthesis of the antithrombin III molecule. The abnormality appeared to be inherited but the mode of inheritance could not be determined with the available data.
SummaryWe investigated two thrombophilia families with the "classical" type of antithrombin III deficiency, i.e., with a low antithrombin III level measured both by immunochemical and functional methods.We obtained different antithrombin III patterns in the plasma of the affected members of the two families with the modified two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis method (heparin in agarose). In one family, the electrophoretic mobility of the antithrombin III is identical with that of normal antithrombin III. In the other, the antithrombin III displayed a decreased electrophoretic mobility in the heparinized agarose gel. The relatively low affinity of this antithrombin III to heparin could be directly proved by the heparin-agarose affinity chromatography, too. These two different antithrombin III patterns were observed by other investigators at different families as well.On the basis of our simultaneous observations of these two families we propose a classification of the inherited congenital antithrombin III deficiencies.
abolished or significantly decreased the intensity of pain in renal colic. The painkilling effect was defined as a decrease by at least half in the PI scale, and/or a ≥ 40% decrease in the VAS 40 min after either the first or the second injection of 80 mg drotaverine or placebo (if necessary the dose could be repeated once). In all, 140 patients were enrolled but 38 withdrew, leaving 102 patients for analysis (48 drotaverine, 54 placebo; mean age 42.5 years, SD 11.25, and 41.7, SD 10.79).
RESULTSDrotaverine was effective in 79% of patients and placebo in only 46% ( P < 0.001). There were no serious adverse effects. There were 20 minor side-effects in the drotaverine and four in the placebo group; none of the patients required treatment. The most frequent sideeffects were a transitory decrease in blood pressure, vertigo, nausea or vomiting.
CONCLUSIONIntravenous drotaverine provides effective pain relief in more than two-thirds of patients with renal colic, with no serious side-effects.
Recent clinical studies on patients with malignancies, who were treated with UHF and LMWHs raised the possibility, that these agents may possess an inhibitory effect on tumor progression. Further studies supported that this effect is independent from the anticoagulant and antithrombotic action. In this retrospective study oncological patients with an increased risk for thromboembolism were choosen, who received prophylactic treatment with an LMWH (nadroparin) at least for 6 months. Comparing with the control group, in some subgroups (T3 and T4, as well as M1) the LMWH-treated patients showed a significantly increased survival.
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