Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of music therapy on anxiety, sedation, and stress responses of patients during surgery with spinal anesthesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test was used. There were 55 adults over 19 years of age scheduled for a lower leg surgery with spinal anesthesia: 27 in the treatment group and 28 in the comparison group. Each subject in the treatment group identified their music preference which was used during the period of surgery which usually lasted, 61 minutes. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and repeated measured ANOVA. Results: There were significant reported differences in levels of anxiety, sedation, and stress responses which were measured by plasma cortisol levels, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The findings of all the variables were effectively decreased among those in the treatment group than the comparison group. Conclusion: The preference based music therapy may be useful as a non-pharmacological intervention.

This study was conducted to exam the effect of listening to preferred music on patients' anxiety, blood pressure, heart rate, and glucose levels during spinal anesthesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used. The participants were divided into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=30) undergoing lower leg operations using spinal anesthesia. The mean age was 35.1 years and the mean time of listening to the music was 71.33 minutes. The experimental group was provided with their preferred music selected by each of the participants; the control group was not provided with any music. Results: The state of anxiety was decreased significantly in the experimental group(F=4.14, p=.046). Anxiety (VAS) was also significantly lower in the experimental group (F=4.62, p=.036). Conclusion: The results of the study show that listening to preferred music is an effective method for reducing peri-operative anxiety for patients during spinal anesthesia.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effect of aroma inhalation therapy with Lavender for burn patients during burn dressings: anxiety, pain, rate of administration of analgesia and vital signs in burn patients.Methods: A quasi experimental design with a nonequivalent control group pretest-post test was used. Participants in this study were 58 burn patients who were admitted to a S city burn treatment center for burn dressing (28 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) in S city. Data were collected from July 1, to September 30, 2012. The experimental group was provided the lavender inhale therapy (repeated for five breaths) 30 minutes before burn dressing. The data were analyzed using <i>x</i>² test, Fisher’s exact test and an two sample t-test with SPSS/WIN 22.0.Results: There were significant differences in state anxiety (F=9.08, <i>p</i>=.004), diastolic blood pressure (F=6.57, <i>p</i>=.013), pain VAS (F=18.71, <i>p</i><.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that lavender inhale therapy is an effective method to reduce anxiety, diastolic blood pressure and pain during burn dressings.

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