Cleaner
production of sugars and pulp from renewable feedstocks
has captured significant scientific attention in the recent past because
they can be used for various end applications. In the papermaking
industry, a major fraction of hemicellulosic sugars is lost during
the pulping. The present study aims at retrieving these hemicellulosic
sugars through alkali-, hot-water-, and acid-mediated extraction prior
to pulping, which otherwise would have been lost during pulping and
washing of pulp. These retrieved sugars can be used as feedstocks
for renewable energy and value-added products. Different pretreatments
were applied, aided with varying temperature, chemical concentrations,
and time. Substantial amounts of total reducing sugars (TRSs) up to
21.98, 13.2, and 15.01% were extracted prior to pulping by acid, alkali,
and hot-water pretreatments. Compositions of mono sugars present in
the treated liquor were also characterized and confirmed by high-performance
liquid chromatography analysis. The morphological changes in the wheat
straw after pre-extraction were studied using the field emission gun
scanning electron microscopy technique. Pulping of untreated and pretreated
wheat straw was carried out at different alkali charges (12, 14, and
16% NaOH). Among all, acid-pretreated straw showed an increase in
pulp yield by 10.9% at a 16% alkali charge. Physical strength properties
of different pulps were further examined. Alkali- and hot-water-pretreated
straw pulp retained 94.26 and 83.16% tensile indices and 92.43 and
87.02% burst indices, respectively. An increase in tear index up to
4.32, 2.01, and 2.30% for alkali-, hot-water-, and acid-pretreated
straw pulp was achieved, respectively. Hot-water- and alkali-pretreated
wheat straw was observed to be conducive for paper production. The
integrated use of wheat straw for extraction of underutilized sugars
and pulp production in this way may serve as a key stepping stone
for future biorefinery designs in pulp and paper mills.
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