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Melatonin was discovered as a pineal gland hormone in animals and is now more significantly known as a signaling molecule in plants' biotic and abiotic stressors. Melatonin has been traced back to prokaryotic organisms during evolution and its primary function of antioxidant scavenging free radicals in photosynthetic prokaryotic bacteria is a lesser explored and exciting area for further research globally. The authors at IIT Delhi are trying to establish its potential role in stress management in agriculture. The present manuscript addresses the biosynthetic pathways hitherto suggested by scientists. In this manuscript, the potential scope of melatonin in agriculture as a growth promoter, post-harvest loss inhibitor, and signaling and quality improvement molecule is envisaged.

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In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were synthesized using cow dung extract to apply sustainable agriculture from rural resources. Studies on their antibacterial potential against E. coli DH 5 alpha indicated lower antimicrobial activities than the bulk Zn and commercial Zn nanoparticles. Compared with control and commercial ZnO nanoparticles, the maximum seed germination, root length, and shoot length were observed after the priming of synthesized ZnO NPs. This study suggests that ZnO may significantly increase seed germination and have lower antimicrobial potential. Further, the lower in-vitro cellular leakage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production provided new hope for using cow dung extract mediated nanoparticles for agricultural and industrial applications.

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