2,2:3,3-Bis(4'-hydroxymethylethylenedioxy)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, abbreviated as CaG, is a compound obtained by transforming a ketone group to a ketal group with camphorquinone and glycerol. The CaG diol has a complex and rigid structure and two primary hydroxyl groups. A polyester series was synthesized with the CaG diol, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl terephthalate. The polyesters exhibited adequate thermal stability up to nearly 330 °C and had a high T, which steadily increased from 78 to 129 °C as the content of CaG increased. A high proportion of the CaG moiety led to an amorphous region that is susceptible to hydrolysis and promoted degradation of the polyester in acidic conditions. Depending on the proportion of CaG in the polymer, the hydrolytic degradation of the polyesters was adjustable.
We present a novel and facile method to fabricate the silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-sodium deoxycholate (NaDOC) hybrid hydrogel from the NaDOC-stablized AgNP colloidal hydrosol via the pH-induced self-assembly.
We observed the vertical distribution and feeding ecology of the Mirror dory, Zenopsis nebulosa, in the Southern Sea of Korea from 2009 to 2013 using an otter trawl. The total length of captured individuals ranged from 11 to 48 cm. Individuals captured at greater depths were significantly larger than those from shallower sites. Fish abundance was significantly related to depth and temperature. We found that 89% of the total catch was obtained at depths between 80 and 140 meters. Prey organisms, including fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods, were found in Z. nebulosa stomachs. Fishes were the main prey items for all size groups. Cephalopods were consumed by individuals > 25 cm in length. Our findings suggested that the vertical distribution of Z. nebulosa varied with depth and temperature, and that the fish are carnivores.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the coonstriped, Pandalus hypsinotus was determined by the MiSeq sequencing platform. The mitogenome of P. hypsinotus (15,909 bp) encoded the 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, non-coding, control region (D-Loop). Phylogenetic analysis based on the full mitochondrial genome sequences showed that P. hypsinotus is most closely related to P. borealis (86%) clustering together with Chlorotocus crassicornis in Pandalidae. The complete mitogenome sequence of P. hypsinotus would contribute to the scientific management for conservation of its resources in East/Japan Sea.
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