The Alpine Orogenic Belt with numerous porphyry Cu-Mo-Au mineralizations, starts from Eastern Europe continues through Turkey and the Caucasus and extends into Iran and Afghanistan. The study area of the Eastern Pontides is in this orogenic belt. Using fi eld and laboratory studies an attempt has been made to establish the origin of Yeşilbağlar, Kaban and Köprübaşı alteration zones in the Olur area (Erzurum). In the study area Early Eocene Coşkunlar volcanics and sub volcanic rocks have contact with the Oltu çayı volcanics of Early-Middle Jurassic. Alteration in the study area effects these Oltuçayı and Kaban volcanics. In the study area mineralizations are present in the alteration zones. Disseminated, stockwork, vein/veinlet and fi ssure type mineralizations are present in the Coşkunlar dacite. Paragenesis in the alteration zones are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pyrrohotite, quartz, calcite and barite. FT-IR and XRD studies showed the presence of clay, sulphate, sulphur, carbonate, silicate and oxide minerals in the alteration zones. Field and petrographical studies showed that alteration types in the Yeşilbağlar, Kaban and Köprübaşı areas are, advanced argillicargillic, pyropylitic and sericitic. They are similar to the alterations present in the upper part of the mineralizations in the porphyry systems of the Alpine Orogenic Belt. In the Eastern Pontides starting in Early Jurassic, continuation of subductions resulted in closure of the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan ocean and in Early Eocene the Taurid platform collided with the Eurasian active continental margin. Data from the study area indicate the presence of alteration zones in the upper part of the buried porphyry system and the possibility of mineralized parts in the deeper parts of the system.
The Antalya Complex in southern Turkey comprises a number of autochthonous and allochthonous units that originated from the Southern Neotethys. Late Triassic volcanic rocks are widespread in the Antalya Complex and are important for the onset of the rifting stage of the southern Neotethys. The studied Late Triassic volcanic rocks within the Antalya Complex are exposed in the southern part of Saklıkent (Antalya) region. They are represented by pillow, massive, and columnar-jointed lava flows with volcaniclastic breccias and pelagic limestone intercalations. Spilitic basalts exhibit intersertal, microlithic porphyritic, and ophitic textures and are represented by plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. Secondary phases are characterized by serpentine, calcite, chlorite, epidote, zeolite, and quartz. Based on Zr/Ti vs. Nb/Y ratios, the volcanic rocks are represented by alkaline basalts (Nb/Y = 1.54–2.82). A chondrite normalized REE diagram for the volcanic rocks displays significant LREE enrichment with respect to HREE ([La/Yb]N = 15.14–19.77). Trace element geochemistry of the studied rocks suggests that these rocks are more akin to ocean island basalt (OIB) and were formed by small degrees (~2–4%) of partial melting of an enriched mantle source (spinel + garnet-bearing lherzolite). The volcanic rocks of the Saklıkent region exhibit similarities to the Late Triassic volcanics of the Koçali Complex in SE Anatolia and the Mamonia Complex (Cyprus) in terms of their geochemical features. All evidence suggests that the Late Triassic alkaline volcanics in Antalya, Mamonia (Cyprus), and the Koçali (Adıyaman) Complexes were formed in an extensional environment at the continent-ocean transition zone during the rifting of the southern Neotethyan Ocean.
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