Pregnant women with APS and high positive antiphospholipid antibody titers are a unique and extremely high risk group for adverse fetal/neonatal outcome. Stricter surveillance and possibly additional therapy options should be explored for this patient population.
The scope of this review is to focus on the management of benign ovarian cyst in the reproductive-age group of women undergoing ART. Ovarian cysts are a common occurrence in this patient population. The differential diagnosis includes functional cysts, dermoid cysts, endometrioma. The appropriate evaluation includes medical history and physical examination, laboratory tests and imaging. The treatment options include conservative follow-up, medical treatment and surgery. This review will explore the differential diagnosis, appropriate work-up and treatment options to the various cyst types encountered. [10] Caspi, B., et al. (1997) The growth pattern of ovarian dermoid cysts: A prospective study in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Fertility and Sterility, 68, 501-[37] Stein, S.M., et al. (1995) Differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses: Relative value of gray-scale, color doppler, and spectral doppler sonography.
Objective To examine the putative associations between breast implants and postpartum lactational mastitis.Design Observational retrospective study.Setting Digital database of Maccabi Healthcare Services, integrated health maintenance organisation in Israel.Population Breastfeeding mothers from 2003 to 2016 based on an initial health maintenance organisation data set of 28 383 singleton live births in Israel.Methods Multivariate analysis and propensity score matching were used to test the extent to which breast implants were associated with lactational mastitis during the 6-month postpartum period in breastfeeding mothers. Analyses for potential confounders were adjusted for socio-economic status, smoking and parity.Main outcome measure Lactational mastitis among breastfeeding women with breast implants compared with women without breast implants.Results Mothers with breast implants (n = 6099) were significantly (P < 0.001) more likely to be diagnosed with postpartum mastitis (8.3%) than mothers with no breast implants (n = 22 284) (6.6%) at an odds ratio of 1.22 (95% CI 1.09-1.35) after adjusting for confounders.Conclusion Breast augmentation is associated with an increased risk of postpartum lactational mastitis in the 6-month postpartum period. In light of these findings, it is important for health professionals to instruct women who have undergone breast augmentation on correct breastfeeding techniques, ways to avoid risk factors, and to be alert to signs permitting the early detection of lactational mastitis.
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