We introduce a large class of concentrated p-Lévy integrable functions approximating the unity, which serves as the core tool from which we provide a nonlocal characterization of the Sobolev spaces and the space of functions of bounded variation via nonlocal energies forms. It turns out that this nonlocal characterization is a necessary and sufficient criterion to define Sobolev spaces on domains satisfying the extension property. We also examine the general case where the extension property does not necessarily hold. In the latter case we establish weak convergence of the nonlocal Radon measures involved to the local Radon measures induced by the distributional gradient.
The overreaching goal of this paper is to investigate the existence and uniqueness of weak solution of a semilinear parabolic equation with double nonlocality in space and in time variables that naturally arises while modeling a biological nano-sensor in the chaotic dynamics of a polymer chain. In fact, the problem under consideration involves a symmetric integrodifferential operator of Lévy type and a term called the interaction potential, that depends on the time-integral of the solution over the entire interval of solving the problem. Owing to the Galerkin approximation, the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution of the nonlocal complement value problem is proven for small time under fair conditions on the interaction potential.
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