The formation of soil properties is strongly influenced by the land physiography and land cover. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of land physiography (slope class) with slope classes 0-8%, 8-155, 15-25%, 25-45% and> 45% and land cover for the depth of soil solum and effective depth of roots. This research was carried out by the method: determining the slope class into five slope classes and land cover into two clusters of land cover. the design used was a factorial experiment with a slope factor A class divided into five levels and factor B land cover into two levels with replications twice. Data analysis using variance analysis (ANOVA). The results showed that land cover showed a variety of types of land cover vegetation, in vegetation areas shrubs were dominated by weeds while in the old scrub land dominated by tapus and rubber species, the amount of land cover significantly (P <0.005) in the depth of soil solum, the solum was shallower in steep slopes and little vegetation, vegetation cover (factor A) is the main factor the depth of the root is able to penetrate the soil because it depends on the land cover above, on vegetated land the bush's effective root depth is lower than the old scrub land (P <0.005) because the land cover above is dominated by thatch which has few roots and is unable to penetrate deeper into the soil layer, the percent size of the root depends on the rock percent, the less roots penetrate the soil (P <0.005) due to mechanical obstacles, and the large the small soil pH is influenced by organic matter and kel slime (P <0.005), the more organic matter the pH will decrease and the slower the slope it will cause the acidity of the soil to increase due to soil washing.
There is an obligation to provide compensation land, carry out reforestation of compensation land and planting in the framework of forest reclamation for owners of Forest Area Loan Permits (IPPKH). Carrying out the reclamation requires some treatment such as silviculture actions in order for its reclamation activities to succeed, to increase the success of plant health is needed as a guideline in the future in the implementation of forest reclamation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health of reclaimed plants of rubber and hazelnut types that exist in PD. Baratama Rantau Bakula Village, Sungai Pinang District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. The results showed that at the observation site found each as many as 63 plants in the type of rubber and hazelnut plants. In rubber plants there are as many as 38 healthy rubber plants, 6 plants are less healthy, 7 plants languish and 12 plants that die with a percentage of plant life of 80.9% and the percentage of plant health of 74.5% in healthy plant conditions. In hazelnut plants there are 44 healthy plants, 7 plants are less healthy, 3 plants languish and 9 plants that die with a percentage of plant life of 85.7% and the percentage of plant health of 81.5% healthy conditionsAdanya kewajiban untuk menyediakan lahan kompensasi, melaksanakan reboisasi lahan kompensasi dan melakukan penanaman dalam rangka reklamasi hutan bagi pemilik Izin Pinjam Pakai Kawasan Hutan (IPPKH). Melaksanakan reklamasi tersebut diperlukan beberapa perlakuan seperti tindakan-tindakan silvikultur agar kegiatan reklamasinya berhasil, untuk meningkat keberhasilan tersebut diperlukan evaluasi kesehatan tanaman sebagai pedoman ke depannya dalam pelaksanaan reklamasi hutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kesehatan tanaman reklamasi jenis karet dan kemiri yang ada di PD. Baratama Desa Rantau Bakula Kecamatan Sungai Pinang Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi pengamatan ditemukan masing-masing sebanyak 63 tanaman pada jenis tanaman karet dan kemiri. Pada tanaman karet terdapat sebanyak 38 tanaman karet yang sehat, 6 tanaman kurang sehat, 7 tanaman merana dan 12 tanaman yang mati dengan persentase hidup tanamannya sebesar 80,9% dan persentase kesehatan tanamannya sebesar 74,5% pada kondisi tanaman sehat. Pada tanaman kemiri terdapat 44 tanaman sehat, 7 tanaman kurang sehat, 3 tanaman merana dan 9 tanaman yang mati dengan persentase hidup tanamannya sebesar 85,7% dan persentase kesehatan tanamannya sebesar 81,5% kondisi sehat
The availability of information about soil erosion vulnerability is necessary as a primary consideration to determine the effort of soil conservation, particularly in the coal mining area. This study aimed to estimate the potential risk of soil erosion from land cover variation in a coal mining concession site in South Borneo. Data were taken from 18 stations of soil erosion monitoring which were evenly distributed in each land cover. Soil erosion vulnerability was quantified using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method. The comparison mean of soil erosion among land cover types was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by the Nemenyi test with a significant level of 5%. Results found that the potential risk of soil erosion was significantly different among land covers (p<0.05). The highest soil erosion vulnerability was noted in the reclamation area of 1,012.3 t ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1,</sup> while the lowest risk of soil erosion was observed in plantation forests of 47.9 t ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>. Surprisingly, the potential risk of soil erosion in natural forests was four times higher than in oil palm plantations. Besides being located in hilly areas with high slope levels, the vegetation density in natural forests was relatively low. However, our study recorded there were two critical factors that highly correlated to soil erosion vulnerability, i.e., soil erodibility (R = 0.89; p<0.05) and slope length and steepness (R = 0.85; p<0.05).
Understanding soil characteristics is important to determine the alternative strategies of land management, particularly those related to the scheme of soil and water conservation. This study investigated soil characteristics from four land covers around the coal mining concession area located in South Kalimantan. A soil survey was conducted using a purposive sampling method with three replicates in each land cover. Soil samples that were taken at depths of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, and 21-30 cm, were composited before being brought to the laboratory to quantify their characteristics, such as texture and organic carbon content. Data analysis was processed using a non-parametric test with a significant level of 5%. Comparison average of soil characteristics between land covers was evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test and followed by Nemenyi-test. Results found that soil characteristics from four land covers significantly differed in texture and organic carbon content. The highest sand fraction was noted in shrubs (67.23±0.86%), while the greatest silt fraction was recorded in plantation forests (29.71±2.84%). Compared to other land covers, the clay content in plantation forests and reclamation area was relatively equal by around 53-54%. On another side, The highest soil organic carbon was found in plantation forests with ranging of (4.44±0.14%) followed by natural forests (4.24±0.62%), shrubs (3.38±0.09%), and reclamation area (1.14±0.09%). These findings indicated there were high variations of soil characteristics from different land covers around the coal mining concession area. Therefore, it is recommended for managers to apply adaptive strategies in supporting soil conservation efforts based on the soil characteristics in each site.
Changes in vegetation have an important effect on stability, productivity, trophic structure, and movement of ecosystem components. The research objective was to determine the dominant species in the riverbank area and to analyze the species similarity index in the riverside habitat. This research was conducted on the riverbank of the Mandiangin Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK), South Kalimantan Province. The tools used for this research were meter, compass, GPS, sample, rapia rope, tallysheet, camera, parang machete and phiban. This study used a combination method, namely (pathway and checkered line method) to record all growth levels (seedlings, saplings, poles and trees). Making paths in the area under study was carried out by means of purposive sampling. This method is a point determination method with all considerations considered representative. Collecting data This research uses 40 sample plots and 10 control plots. Tree species dominate in line I and III Pulantan (Alstonia angustilob) with a value of 64.68% in line I, while in line III, which is 43.95%, the type of vegetation at the tree level that dominates in line II is Tengkook Ayam (Nephelium sp.) which is equal to 25.30%. The tree-level vegetation type that dominates in lane IV is Resak (Vatica rassak), with an IVI value of 51.05%. Madang Puspa (Schima walilcii) is the most dominant type with an INP value of 70.96% on line V. The similarity index in the comparison of all lanes is low, because it is <80%Perubahan vegetasi berpengaruh penting terhadap stabilitas, produktivitas, struktur trofik, serta perpindahan komponen ekosistem. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan jenis-jenis dominan yang ada di areal tepi sungai dan menganalisis indeks kesamaan jenis pada habitat tepi sungai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tepi sungai Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Mandiangin Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Alat yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini seperti meteran, kompas, GPS, sampel, tali rapia, tallysheet, kamera, patok parang dan phiban. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kombinasi yaitu (metode jalur dan garis berpetak) untuk merekam semua tingkat pertumbuhan (semai, pancang, tiang. dan pohon). Pembuatan jalur pada areal yang diteliti dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Metode ini merupakan metode penetuan titik dengan semua pertimbangan yang dianggap representatif. Pengambilan data Penelitian ini menggunakan 40 plot sampel dan 10 plot control. Jenis pohon mendominasi dijalur I dan III Pulantan (Alstonia angustilob) dengan nilai sebesar yaitu sebesar 64,68 % pada jalur I, sedangkan pada jalur III yaitu sebesar 43,95 %, Jenis vegetasi tingkat pohon yang mendominasi pada jalur II yaitu Tengkook Ayam (Nephelium sp.) yaitu sebesar 25,30 %. Jenis vegetasi tingkat pohon yang paling mendominasi pada jalur IV yaitu Resak (Vatica rassak), dengan nilai INP sebesar 51,05 %. Madang Puspa (Schima walilcii) merupakan jenis yang paling dominan dengan nilai INP yaitu sebesar 70,96 % pada jalur V. Indeks similaritas pada perbandingan seluruh jalur rendah, karena < 80%
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