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Background The emergence and rapid spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria related to nosocomial infections is a growing worldwide problem, and polymyxins have become important due to the lack of new antibiotics. Objectives To evaluate the outcomes and pharmacoeconomic impact of using colistin and polymyxin B to treat nosocomial infections. Setting Neurosurgical, cardiovascular, or transplantation intensive care unit (ICU) at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil). Method A retrospective cohort study was conduct in patients in the ICU. The renal function was determined daily during treatment by measuring the serum creatinine. A cost minimization analysis was performed to compare the relative costs of treatment with colistin and polymyxin B. Main outcomes measure The outcomes were 30-day mortality and frequency and onset of nephrotoxicity after beginning treatment. Results Fifty-one patients treated with colistin and 51 with polymyxin B were included. 30-day mortality was observed in 25.49% and 33.33% of patients treated with colistin and polymyxin B, respectively; Nephrotoxicity was observed in 43.14% and 54.90% of patients in colistin and polymyxin B groups, respectively; and onset time of nephrotoxicity was 9.86 ± 13.22 days for colistin and 10.68 ± 9.93 days for polymyxin B group. Colistin treatment had a lower cost per patient compared to the cost for polymyxin B treatment (USD $13,389.37 vs. USD $13,639.16, respectively). Conclusion We found no difference between 30-day mortality and nephrotoxicity between groups; however, colistin proved to be the best option from a pharmacoeconomic point of view.

Background. Phase I of this study was aimed at comparing the profiles of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), previously treated with surgery, to the healthy subjects. Phase II aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementary antioxidant therapy on the levels of biomarkers in the case group. Materials and Methods. In Phase I, oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in blood samples obtained from 24 healthy subjects and 60 patients with history of NMSC previously treated with surgery. In Phase II, the 60 patients with history of NMSC were randomized into two subgroups, one receiving placebo (n = 34) and the other (n = 26) receiving vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc supplementation for 8 weeks, followed by reevaluation of biomarkers. Results. In Phase I, patients with history of NMSC showed increased plasma concentrations of all biomarkers, but only 15-F2t-isoprostane was significantly higher than in the healthy subjects. Risk of NMSC increased by 4% for each additional 1 pg/mL increase in 15-F2t-isoprostane. In Phase II, supplementation did not significantly reduce levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Conclusion. Patients with history of NMSC had significantly high 15-F2t-isoprostane plasma levels; supplementation did not result in significant reduction of oxidative stress biomarkers. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (ID NCT02248584).

The synthesis of (W)-ethyl 6-[N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate (5n) has been reproduced from a method previously described and served as the background for the preparation of a nitro derivative, potentially useful as an anti-inflammatory agent. Furthermore, a structure-based QSAR analysis of a series of N-arylsulfamoyl congeners derived a highly predictive model for the activities of novel small-molecule inhibitors of NO and cytokine production, whose preparation may be successfully achieved according to a similar procedure as above.Ethyl 2-mercaptocyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate (2) Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) gas was bubbled through a solution of ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate (1) (20 g, 117 mmol) in (www.interscience.wiley.com)

Resumo O emergente crescimento dos casos de infecções nosocomiais causadas pela bactéria Acinetobacter baumannii veem se tornando num dos maiores desafios atuais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil epidemiológico das infecções causadas por A. baumannii, assim como, seu desfecho clínico e perfil de sensibilidade em relação aos antimicrobianos disponíveis para tratamento. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo observacional, através da revisão dos prontuários, e dos resultados dos exames microbiológicos dos pacientes internados em UTIs, entre os anos de 2010 e 2013. Estudamos 109 pacientes, as infecções por A. baumannii foram as mais frequentes e com alta taxa de resistência a praticamento todos antimicrobianos.

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