The spatial arrangement and plant population have been highlighted as fundamental tools for increasing productivity. The objective was to evaluate the vegetative and productive performance of two soybean cultivars at different plant densities. Seeds of soybean cultivars (TMG 7063 IPRO and BS 2606 IPRO), recommended for the Alto Paranaíba region in the state Minas Gerais, were used and sown at seven different densities (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 plants meter-1, equivalent to 160, 200, 240, 280, 280, 320, 360 and 400 thousand plants hectare-1, where they were evaluated in the development stages R1 (plant height) and R8 (height of the insertion of the first pod, plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, productivity per plant and productivity per hectare). The experiment was set up according to a randomized block design, in the factorial scheme A x B, being factor A composed by the cultivars and factor B by plant densities with three repetitions (blocks). Increased plant population resulted in greater first pod insertion height and final plant height, fewer nodes and branches and the average yield per hectare increased linearly, with the TMG 7063 IPRO cultivar being more productive under these conditions (52.7 bags of 60 kg per hectare).
The objective was to evaluate the epicotyl length of seedlings of soybean cultivars in the field, submitted to plant densification by reducing the inter-row spacing. Two field experiments were conducted in Rio Paranaíba in the state of Minas Gerais and the effect of reduced spacing (20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm between rows) was evaluated. The assessment of the epicotyl length was done by using a millimeter ruler when the plants reached the V2 development stage. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four repetitions. In experiment 1, the BRSMG752S cultivar was submitted to four inter-row spacings and no differences were found among them. In experiment 2, the simple factorial scheme 4 x 3 was considered, with 4 spacings and 3 cultivars, to analyze the effect of the interaction between cultivars (96R10, 97R50 and 98Y21) and spacing (20, 30, 40 and 50 cm between rows). The results of experiment 2 indicated that there was no significant effect for spacing and that the cultivars presented statistically different averages. Thus, it can be concluded that the epicotyl length of soybean seedlings, grown in the field in Rio Paranaíba in the state of Minas Gerais and evaluated at the V2 stage of development, was not influenced by the distance between the sowing lines and that the cultivar 96R10 showed the highest and 98Y21 the lowest mean epicotyl length of soybean seedlings, grown in the field in Rio Paranaíba in the state of Minas Gerais and evaluated at the V2 stage of development.
Objetivou-se identificar diferença entre grupos de cultivares, estudar o efeito da profundidade de semeadura sobre o diâmetro do hipocótilo e o comportamento do diâmetro do hipocótilo ao longo do desenvolvimento das plantas de soja. Para isto analisou-se cultivares de soja em estádio inicial de desenvolvimento, em condições de casa de vegetação, quanto ao diâmetro do hipocótilo em dois sentidos: COTsentido dos cotilédones e OPCOTsentido oposto aos cotilédones. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de variância, teste de médias (Tukey ou Scott-Knott), regressão e correlação fenotípica e genotípica. E, estimados o coeficiente de variação e coeficiente de determinação genotípica. Verificou-se que as cultivares de soja se diferenciam quanto ao diâmetro do hipocótilo e identificou-se grande influência genética em detrimentos aos efeitos ambientais. Semeadura de 1 à 3 cm de profundidade não influenciou o diâmetro do hipocótilo, avaliados nos estádios V2 e V3, ao analisar plantas das cultivares TMG 4185, BRSMG 68 [Vencedora], BRS 7980 e BRS 8381. As cultivares 98Y30, TMG1174RR e TMG 4185 apresentaram comportamento semelhantes quanto ao diâmetro do hipocótilo no período de 0 à 48 dias após o estádio de desenvolvimento V1.
Genetic improvement together with statistics has contributed to the growth of the importance of soybean in Brazil. One of the contributions has been the launching of new cultivars in the national market, which requires, in its legal procedures for registration and protection, the verification of several tests, one of them being the distinguishability test. Several studies have reported that some phenotypic characters are potential in this distinction, one of them is the length of the epicotyl. In this work, the objective was to identify soybean genotypes that present low or high average, highly stable throughout the analyzed environments and that present adaptability to different environments. Two groups of experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to measure the epicotyl length of soybean plants submitted to different environments (planting season). The data obtained were analyzed using the analysis of individual variance, analysis of joint variance, Scott-Knott test and adaptability and stability through the Artificial Neural Network and non-parametric test. It can be concluded that the genotypes that showed low average for epicotyl length, wide adaptability or poor responsiveness to environmental improvements and stable over the seasons were TMG 1175 RR (in V2), BMX Tornado RR (in V2), BG 4272 (in V2), BRS283 (in V2 and V3) and FT-Cristalina (in V2 and V3). BRSMG 752 S (in V2 and V3), TMG 4185 (in V3) and BRSGO 7560 (in V3) behaved as high medium, high stability and wide adaptability. The genotypes BRS 8381, TMG 4185, MG/BR46_Conquista, BRSMG 850 GRR, BRS Valiosa RR and BG 4277 were stable and recommended for favorable environments.
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