One of the big concerns when planning the expansion of power distribution systems (PDS) is reliability. This is defined as the ability to continuously meet the load demand of consumers in terms of quantity and quality. In a scenario in which consumers increasingly demand high supply quality, including few interruptions and continuity, it becomes essential to consider reliability indices in models used to plan PDS. The inclusion of reliability in optimization models is a challenge, given the need to estimate failure rates for the network and devices. Such failure rates depend on the specific characteristics of a feeder. In this context, this paper discusses the main reliability indices, followed by a comprehensive survey of the methods and models used to solve the optimal expansion planning of PDS considering reliability criteria. Emphasis is also placed on comparing the main features and contributions of each article, aiming to provide a handy resource for researchers. The comparison includes the decision variables and reliability indices considered in each reviewed article, which can be used as a guide to applying the most suitable method according to the requisites of the system. In addition, each paper is classified according to the optimization method, objective type (single or multiobjective), and the number of stages. Finally, we discuss future research trends concerning the inclusion of reliability in PDS expansion planning.
This article proposes a framework that uses analytical assessment of reliability to guide the expansion planning of power distribution systems (PDS) considering reliability criteria. The framework allows the estimation of reliability indices with and without the execution of expansion projects, thus supporting the decision-making process on investments in expansion projects. In the analytical assessment of reliability, failure rates of zones and restoration times are calculated from past data of interruptions in the primary distribution network. In addition, the estimated reliability indices are adjusted to historical values through failure rates proportionate to the length of each zone. To test and validate the proposed framework, it was applied to the distribution network at bus 5 of the Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) and also to a real distribution feeder located in Brazil. The results indicated that the proposed framework can help define the most attractive investments leading to improvements in reliability indices and reduction in unsupplied energy. The estimation of reliability indices and energy not supplied, considered the following expansion alternatives: (i) the installation of normally-closed sectionalizing switches, (ii) the installation of normally-open switches with interconnection to adjacent feeders, (iii) the automation of switches, and (iv) the reconductoring of zones of the primary distribution network. Nevertheless, the proposed framework allows the inclusion of other expansion alternatives. Finally, the proposed framework proved to be handy and useful for real-life applications.
This work proposes a method to assess the impact on reliability coming from the expansion of primary distribution networks. The reliability is estimated analytically, while the failure rates of sectors are determined based on the failure history of the primary network and by the adjustment of the estimated reliability indices to historical average values. The method described here was applied to a real distribution feeder of an energy distribution company, allowing the determination of future reliability indices and energy not supplied assuming no expansion takes place and also considering expansion plans that include i) installation of normally-open switches with interconnection to adjacent feeders, ii) automation of switches, and iii) reconductoring of primary network sectors. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can support the decision-making process, thus leading to investments more attractive concerning the improvement of the reliability indices and reduction of the energy not supplied. Resumo: Este artigo propõe um método para a avaliação do impacto de projetos de expansão na confiabilidade de redes de distribuição primária. A avaliação da confiabilidade é computada de forma analítica, sendo as taxas de falhas dos blocos determinadas com base no histórico de falhas da rede primária e no ajuste dos indicadores de continuidade coletivos estimados aos valores médios históricos. O método proposto foi aplicado a um alimentador de distribuição de uma distribuidora de energia, permitindo determinar as estimativas futuras de indicadores de continuidade e de energia não suprida sem projetos e com o plano de projetos de expansão que inclui: i) a instalação de chaves normalmente aberta com interconexão com alimentador adjacente, ii) a automação de chaves de seccionamento e iii) o recondutoramento de blocos da rede de distribuição primária. Os resultados demonstraram que o método proposto é capaz de auxiliar a tomada de decisão sobre os investimentos mais atrativos para a melhoria dos indicadores de continuidade e redução da energia não suprida.
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