Among
the various forms of cancer, non-small cell lung cancer is
the most frequently diagnosed and the leading cause of deaths. CIMAvax-EGF
has been introduced as a first-of-its-kind EGF immune-depleting therapy
and shows promise for improvement of the survival rate and quality
of life of patients with NSCLC. As part of the continued development
of this vaccine, it is of paramount importance to attain long-term
treatment. In this work, we have used hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
(a biocompatible and biodegradable material) with an average size
of 60 ± 10 nm to induce an anti-EGF immune response. Three candidates
referred to as HANp–rhEGF–rP64k, HANp-MC, and HANp-IP
were obtained through covalent interactions between proteins and nanoparticles.
The total anti-EGF IgG titers induced by the three nanoparticulate
systems in mice were between 1:5000 and 1:10,000 during all periods
of study (4 immunization doses and 3 extractions, 104 days). No differences
in the IgG2/IgG1 ratio were observed in comparison to CIMAvax-EGF,
with both being consistent with a Th2 polarization pattern. Histological
evaluation of muscle tissues showed that the new nanoparticulate systems
do not affect the injection sites in mice. Finally, a study of immune
response induction with CIMAvax-EGF and maintenance with HANp–rhEGF–rP64k
demonstrated that it is possible to maintain the immune response over
the course of treatment (91 days). These results introduce these new
hydroxyapatite nanoparticulate systems as effective candidates for
the long-term treatment of lung and other cancers of epithelial origin.
SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein was captured and purified through a simple and inexpensive methodology using citrate-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the first step of the process.
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