Catecholamines (CA) play an important role in cardiovascular (CDV) disease risk. Namely, noradrenaline (NA) levels positively correlate whereas adrenaline (AD) levels negatively correlate with obesity and/or CDV disease. Western diets, which are tipically rich in Ω-6 fatty acids (FAs) and deficient in Ω-3 FAs, may contribute to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and/or coronary artery disease. Taking this into consideration and the fact that our group has already described that saturated FAs affect catecholamine handling by adrenal chromaffin cells, this work aimed to investigate the effect of unsaturated FAs upon catecholamine handling in the same model. Our results showed that chronic exposure to unsaturated FAs differently modulated CA cellular content and release, regardless of both FA series and number of carbon atoms. Namely, the Ω-6 arachidonic and linoleic acids, based on their effect on CA release and cellular content, seemed to impair NA and AD vesicular transport, whereas γ-linolenic acid selectively impaired AD synthesis and release. Within the Ω-9 FAs, oleic acid was devoid of effect, and elaidic acid behaved similarly to γ-linolenic acid. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (Ω-3 series) impaired the synthesis and release of both NA and AD. These results deserve attention and future development, namely, in what concerns the mechanisms involved and correlative effects in vivo.
BackgroundChanges in the properties of large arteries correlate with higher cardiovascular
risk. Recent guidelines have included the assessment of those properties to detect
subclinical disease. Establishing reference values for the assessment methods as
well as determinants of the arterial parameters and their correlations in healthy
individuals is important to stratify patients.ObjectiveTo assess, in healthy adults, the distribution of the values of pulse wave
velocity, diameter, intima-media thickness and relative distensibility of the
carotid artery, in addition to assessing the demographic and clinical determinants
of those parameters and their correlations.MethodsThis study evaluated 210 individuals (54% women; mean age, 44 ± 13 years) with no
evidence of cardiovascular disease. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was
measured with a Complior® device. The functional and structural
properties of the carotid artery were assessed by using radiofrequency ultrasound.
ResultsThe means of the following parameters were: pulse wave velocity, 8.7 ± 1.5 m/s;
diameter, 6,707.9 ± 861.6 μm; intima-media thickness, 601 ± 131 μm; relative
distensibility, 5.3 ± 2.1%. No significant difference related to sex or ethnicity
was observed. On multiple linear logistic regression, the factors independently
related to the vascular parameters were: pulse wave velocity, to age (p < 0.01)
and triglycerides (p = 0.02); intima-media thickness, to age (p < 0.01);
diameter, to creatinine (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.02); relative distensibility, to
age (p < 0.01) and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.02 and p =
0.01, respectively). Pulse wave velocity showed a positive correlation with intima
media thickness (p < 0.01) and with relative distensibility (p < 0.01),
while diameter showed a positive correlation with distensibility (p = 0.03).ConclusionIn healthy individuals, age was the major factor related to aortic stiffness,
while age and diastolic blood pressure related to the carotid functional measure.
The carotid artery structure was directly related to aortic stiffness, which was
inversely related to the carotid artery functional property.
Este estudo investigou o efeito do treinamento pliométrico (TP) no salto vertical em atletas jovens de basquete. Participaram 39 atletas, divididos em dois grupos experimentais (masculino - GEM e feminino - GEF) e dois grupos controle (masculino - GCM e feminino - GCF). O aplicativo My Jump quantificou a altura do salto a partir do tempo de voo. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se anova de medidas repetidas, tamanho de efeito de Cohen (TE) e a inferência baseada na magnitude, com nível de significância (p≤ 0,05). Os resultados indicam que o GEM e GCM apresentaram melhoras significativas no countermovement jump (CMJ) e squart jump (SJ). O GEF e GCF apresentaram diferenças significativas no SJ com efeito de interação, no CMJ apenas o GEF apresentou melhoras com efeito de interação. No TE, o GEM apresentou maiores efeitos no CMJ e SJ quando comparado ao GCM, no GEF, o TE foi maior somente no CMJ em relação ao GCF. As respostas qualitativas mostraram que o TP é provavelmente benéfico no GEM, já no GEF, mostrou que é provavelmente benéfico no SJ e muito provavelmente benéfico no CMJ. Conclui-se que o TP promoveu efeitos positivos no GEM e GEF, tanto no CMJ quanto no SJ. Nos grupos controles, ambos obtiveram melhorias significativas no SJ, porém no CMJ, somente o GCM apresentou aumento. Ademais, os resultados foram maiores no GEM e GEF em comparação com o GCM e GCF. Assim, o TP é indicado para potencializar o salto vertical em atletas jovens de basquete.
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