Eng Sanit Ambient | v.22 n.1 | jan/fev 2017 | 123-132 RESUMONo presente estudo avaliou-se a remoção de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), nitrogênio total (N T ) e fósforo total (P T ) da água residuária de suinocultura (ARS) em sistemas alagados construídos (SACs) de escoamento horizontal subsuperficial, além da contribuição das espécies vegetais cultivadas: Polygonum punctatum (erva-de-bicho) e Chrysopogon zizanioides (capim-vetiver). Foram implantados três SACs, utilizando-se argila expandida como meio suporte, sendo um cultivado com P. punctatum (SAC E ), outro cultivado com C. zizanioides (SAC V ) e um mantido como controle, sem cultivo (SAC C ). Para um tempo de retenção hidráulica nominal (τ) de 3,2 dias, observou-se remoção de DBO, N T e P T , ao longo do período experimental, com eficiências médias de 85, 38 e 51% (SAC C ), 89, 48 e 69% (SAC E ) e 81, 36 e 45% (SAC V ), respectivamente. O melhor desempenho foi observado no SAC E .Foram obtidas, em termos de matéria seca, produtividades de 2, 79 e 1,91 g m -2 d -1 e remoções de N T de 1,54 e 1, 01% e de P T de 0,81 e 1, 19%, da carga aplicada, para a erva-de-bicho e o capim-vetiver, respectivamente. INTRODUÇÃOA produção em escala intensiva de carne suína, por meio do confinamento de animais, pode ser considerada uma atividade importante no contexto da economia de diversos estados brasileiros. Considerando-se as particularidades das granjas suinícolas, os produtores brasileiros têm tratado as águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS) em sistemas de baixo custo, como digestores anaeróbios e lagoas de estabilização. Using a nominal hydraulic retention time (τ) of 3.21 days, theaverage removal efficiencies of BOD, N T and P T obtained were 85, 38 e 51% (CW C ), 89, 48 e 69% (CW E ) and 81, 36 e 45% (CW V ), respectively. The best performance was observed on CW E . The dry mass productivities were 2. 79 and 1.91 g m -2 d -1 . N T removals were 1.54 and 1. 01% and P T removals were 0.81 and 1. 19%, respectively for Polygonum punctatum and Chrysopogon zizanioides.
The use of constructed wetland systems (CWS) is presented as an alternative for the treatment of effluents since these have reduced implementation costs and relative ease of operation. The present research was undertaken to evaluate to study the hydrodynamic and the fitting of first-order mathematical kinetic models for the removal of pollutants in CWS. Three CWS were built, using expanded clay as filter support: one cultivated with Polygonum punctatum (CWSw), another cultivated with Chrysopogon zizanioides (CWSV), and a control unit (CWSc). The actual retention time was 3.12 days in the CWSc, whereas, in the CWSw and CWSv, we observed values of 4.14 and 4.11 days, respectively. The dispersion values were high in all CWS. The values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) across the length of the CWS were used to fit the kinetic models that describe the first-order decay of organic matter over the CWS. The models that showed a better fit to the experimental data were the plug-flow with residual concentration, the continuous stirred tank reactor, and Shepherd’s models.
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