Due to the development in structural analysis studies, optimization techniques have become part in the design of reinforced concrete structures. Making it possible to design structures with optimized cross-sections. Thus, the present study aims to implement optimization techniques, using the Solver tool, to design procedure of reinforced concrete beams following the precepts of Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 6118:2014. Focusing to minimize the cost of reinforced concrete beams, where the design variables are the height and width of the beam cross-section and the constraints are imposed by the relevant technical standards and design variables limitations.
Natural ventilation is the main passive strategy for thermal comfort inside buildings and renewal of the air, making it healthier. In recent decades, Computational Fluid Dynamics has proven to be an efficient tool for estimating natural ventilation. The objective of this work was to study the ventilation from the action of the wind inside models of low-rise buildings to observe how geometric conditions influence the topology of the flow and volume flow ratesusing the open source software OpenFOAM. In order to verify and validate the software, a 3D building model with openings on opposite faces was used. Subsequently, arrays of three buildings were studied albeit considering the problem as two-dimensional. In the arrangements, three different terrain slopes and four distance values between buildings were tested. The results show that ventilation in the second and third buildings was gradually recovered with an increase in separation and terrain slope, although the values obtained in the first building were not reached.
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