Agroforestry is a new practice of sustainable soil use in the mountainous Sierra Sur de Oaxaca area of Mexico. Coffee is also a common cash crop grown in the region. The objective of this study was to investigate the pedodiversity in the area. Soil development is very complex, and is influenced by slope parameters and parent materials. Several soil groups are found in the area investigated: Alisols, Umbrisols, and Cambisols. Morphology, chemical properties, and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of these soils were studied. The soils vary in the extent of weathering, morphology, and chemical properties, which are important to farming in the area. Most of the soils have heterogeneous parent material. The distribution of major soil types of the area is related to mass movement along the slopes, both past and present. The studied soils represent a chronosequence from unleached and unweathered Cambisols to Alisols, characterized by strong clay illuviation and dominance of kaolinite and gibbsite in clay fraction. A mosaic of landslides and gullies of various ages, formed by catastrophic events such as earthquakes and hurricanes, form the pedodiversity of the area studied. Key words: Landslides, chronosequence, pedodiversity, Cambisols, Umbrisols, Alisols
This paper presents a case study from a Mazahua indigenous community in the rural Highlands of Central Mexico. It analyses Mazahua farming livelihoods characterised by subsistence agriculture, marginality, poverty and severe land degradation. Mazahua farmers face constrained environmental, socioeconomic and cultural conditions, which influence their local decisions on natural resource management. The results describe the capital assets base used, where land, livestock and crop production are imperative assets to support farmers’ livelihood strategies. It analyses local management practices to achieve livelihood outcomes in the short/long term, and to improve or undermine land characteristics and other related assets. It also presents a farmer typology constructed by local perceptions, a controversial element to drive sustainable development strategies at the local level. Finally, it discusses how local land management practices are adopted and their importance in developing alternatives to encourage positive trade-offs between conservation and production in order to improve rural livelihoods.
La urbanización inclusiva incorpora áreas verdes como estrategia para la adaptación a la variación climática, a nivel local se desconoce la capacidad social para el manejo resiliente de los parques urbanos. El estudio analiza la aptitud social a través de la percepción ambiental en el Parque Metropolitano Bicentenario. La pregunta y el constructo proponen: ¿cómo influye la percepción ambiental en la aptitud social? La aptitud social es una capacidad adaptativa condicionada por factores subjetivos y socioculturales. A través de un diseño no experimental, observación directa y un cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de visitantes y residentes, se identifica el patrón de percepción y las áreas de oportunidad para la mejora ambiental. Los resultados establecen que la aptitud social exhibe un bajo nivel de empatía e intersubjetividad, falta de participación, especialmente en estados de neutralidad e indiferencia, debido a problemas económicos y personales. Se concluye que el potencial social de la capacidad de adaptación se articula a través de juicios de valor que definen una fuerte disposición proambiental, la selección y clasificación de opciones de mejora que implican necesidades y expectativas de responsabilidad ambiental, participación social vinculada al bienestar emocional y beneficios de recreación, deporte y salud. La operación depende del sistema de decisión que organiza los programas y proyectos de mejora continua, los procesos de cooperación y negociación, y el marco regulatorio para el manejo socio-ecológico de las áreas verdes en Toluca.
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