The use of bibliometric indicators on individual and national levels has gathered considerable interest in recent years, but the application of bibliometric models for allocating resources at the institutional level has so far gathered less attention. This article studies the implementation of bibliometric measures for allocating resources at Swedish universities. Several models and indicators based on publications, citations, and research grants are identified. The design of performance-based resource allocation across major universities is then analysed using a framework from the field of evaluation studies. The practical implementation, the incentives as well as the 'ethics' of models and indicators, are scrutinized in order to provide a theoretically informed assessment of evaluation systems. It is evident that the requirements, goals, possible consequences, and the costs of evaluation are scarcely discussed before these systems are implemented. We find that allocation models are implemented in response to a general trend of assessment across all types of activities and organizations, but the actual design of evaluation systems is dependent on size, orientation, and the overall organization of the institution in question.
This article analyzes "happiness studies" as an emerging field of inquiry throughout various scientific disciplines and research areas. Utilizing four operationalized search terms in the Web of Science; "happiness", "subjective well-being", "life satisfaction" and "positive affect", a dataset was created for empirical citation analysis. Combined with qualitative interpretations of the publications, our results show how happiness studies has developed over time, in what journals the citing papers have been published, and which authors and researchers are the most productive within this set. We also trace various trends in happiness studies, such as the social indicators movement, the introduction of positive psychology and various medical and clinical applications of happiness studies. We conclude that "happiness studies" has emerged in many different disciplinary contexts and progressively been integrated and standardized. Moreover, beginning at the turn of the millennium, happiness studies has even begun to shape an autonomous field of inquiry, in which happiness becomes a key research problem for itself. Thus, rather than speaking of a distinct "happiness turn", our study shows that there have been many heterogeneous turns to happiness, departing in a number of different disciplines.
Purpose -The aim is to investigate concepts that are used in depicting future visions of society, as afforded by technology, to (a) map the extent of their use, (b) examine the level of their dominance in different research areas and geographic boundaries, (c) identify potential overlaps, (d) analyse their longitudinal growth, and (e) examine whether any of the identified concepts has assumed an overarching position. Design/methodology/approach -Fourteen concepts, each of which is used to depict visions of future information infrastructures, were identified. More than 20,000 scholarly documents related to eleven of these concepts (those with 20 or more documents) are analysed by various qualitative/quantitative methods. Findings -The concepts most referred to are semantic web and ubiquitous computing (all years), and internet of things" (year 2013). Publications on some newer concepts (e.g. digital living, real world internet) are minimal. There are variations in the extent of use and preferred concepts based on geographic and disciplinary boundaries. The overlap in the use of these terms is minimal and none of these terms has assumed an overarching umbrella position. Research limitations/implications -This study is limited to scholarly publications; it would be relevant to also study the pattern of usage in governmental communications and policy documents. Social implications -By mapping multiplicity of concepts and the dispersion of discussions, we highlight the need for, and facilitate, a broader discussion of related social and societal implications. Originality/value -This paper is the first to present a collective of these related concepts and map the pattern of their occurrence and growth.
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