No abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the majority of the population at some point in their lifetime. Acne pathogenesis is multifactorial with four primary contributors that play a pivotal role in the formation of acne lesions: inflammation, androgeninduced sebum production, abnormal keratinization, and bacterial colonization. Recent studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-lipid properties of certain Polymethoxylated Flavones (PMF) derivatives.

Background: Inhalable medication devices on the market deliver aerosolized drugs in a turbulent flow, which in complex interaction with oropharyngeal geometry causes the major portion of the drug to deposit locally, while creating significant obstacles for reaching the lower lungs. The unintended deposition of aerosolized medications in the oropharynx is known to have negative effects on oral health. The emergence of numerous new aerosolized medications on the market is very likely to add significantly to the list of side effects. We hypothesized that lamination of the outflow by sequentially subdividing the aerosol flow within the spacer into smaller sub-flows using internal septi of different lengths will improve the delivery of the aerosol to distant targets while reducing its deposition in anterior aspects of the airways, especially in oropharyngeal cavity.