Introduction: The aim of study was to develop a simple, sensitive and precise gas chromatographic method for the analysis of β-asaronein ethanolic, ethyl acetate, aqueous extracts from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus and validate according to current ICH guidelines. Followed by evaluation of antimicrobial activity of prepared extracts in comparison with penicillin disc. Methods: The β-asarone was one chief active constituent from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus. The ethanolic, ethyl acetate, aqueous extract of rhizomes was prepared and further evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus Mutants by agar well diffusion method. The GC method was used for the analytical determination of β-asarone. The sample was estimated using gas chromatography with flame ionization as a detector. Nitrogen at a flow rate of 1.18 mL/min was used as a carrier gas and total run time was 10 minutes. The injection port and detector temperature were set to 225˚C and 270˚C, respectively. The retention time of β-asarone was found to be 6.9 minutes. Results: The linearity of the developed method was tested in the range of 100 ng/mL-500 ng/mL for β-asarone, limit of detection and limit of quantification was found to be 22.78 and 69.05 ng/mL respectively and the percentage recovery was from 99.63-100.64%. Conclusion: A simple, precise and accurate GC-FID method has been developed for the determination of β-asarone in ethanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of rhizomes.
Background: Proton pump inhibitors and statins reduce the effectiveness of clopidogrel in inhibiting the platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel, a prodrug adheres to CYP2C19, a hepatic enzyme to convert to its active metabolite in order to provide expected therapeutic action. Statins, mainly simvastatin metabolize through cytochrome P450 3A4, which also metabolizes clopidogrel partially. The combination of clopidogrel and PPI's are co-administered in patients going through ST segment elevated Myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiac stent and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Objectives of the study: 1. To determine the potential drug-drug interactions among patients on dual antiplatelets, PPIs and statins. 2. To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients to understand the competitive metabolism of the drugs. 3. To estimate the platelet aggregation effect of dual antiplatelets in presence of PPI's and statins. Methodology: In the present study, potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) was analyzed in the patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) along with proton pump inhibitors and patients on dual antiplatelet therapy with proton pump inhibitors and statins. Platelet aggregation was measured in 116 patients undergoing ST segment elevated Myocardial infarction (STEMI), cardiac stent and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with clopidogrel bisulphate and aspirin along with PPI's and statins. Results: In the current study, Rabeprazole and Simvastatin, but not Omeprazole and rosuvastatin, decreased the antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel. The percent platelet aggregation was 81 ± 5 (p = 0.001) and 33 ± 10 (p = 0.027) in the presence of clopidogrel with Rabeprazole and pantoprazole respectively. Aggregation was found to be 91 ± 4 (p = 0.001) and 22 ± 03 (p = 0.031) in presence of clopidogrel with Simvastatin and rosuvastatin respectively. Conclusion: A prominent drug-drug interaction was observed with patients on dual antiplatelet therapy along with Rabeprazole and Simvastatin.
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