Reaction time is one of the important methods to study a person's central information processing speed and coordinated peripheral movement response. Visual choice reaction time is a type of reaction time and is very important for drivers, pilots, security guards, and so forth. Previous studies were mainly on simple reaction time and there are very few studies on visual choice reaction time. The aim of our study was to compare the visual choice reaction time for red, green, and yellow colors of 60 healthy undergraduate female volunteers. After giving adequate practice, visual choice reaction time was recorded for red, green, and yellow colors using reaction time machine (RTM 608, Medicaid, Chandigarh). Repeated measures of ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison were used for analysis and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that both red and green had significantly less choice visual choice reaction (P values <0.0001 and 0.0002) when compared with yellow. This could be because individual color mental processing time for yellow color is more than red and green.

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle and nutritional transitions in the society driven by globalization have led to the rising burden of cholelithiasis. The present study was done to assess the impact of lifestyle, stress, menstrual pattern, and cardiometabolic risk factors on young females with cholelithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital-based case–control study was conducted on young females of 18–45 years. Cases and age-matched controls were compared on their lifestyle parameters like demography, marital status, occupation, educational status, family income, stress along with menstrual pattern, cardiometabolic parameters like anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and lipid profile. Chi-square test and unpaired t-test were used for the analysis of data using SPSS software, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The majority of the cases were from rural areas, married, homemakers leading a comparatively sedentary lifestyle consuming more red meat, less literate, and belonged to a lower economic group with significantly more stress compared to controls. The age of menarche, neither the regularity nor irregularity of the menstrual cycle (regular cycle 21–35 days), showed any difference, but cases had significantly more pregnancies and usage of oral contraceptives compared to controls. Waist–height ratio, systolic BP, FBS, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly higher in cases. Cases had a 14.4 times more risk of developing metabolic syndrome when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Married, rural, less literate Indian women leading a sedentary lifestyle, consuming more of red meat, and soft drinks with increased psychosomatic stress are more prone to develop cholelithiasis. Women who use hormonal contraceptives have increased occurrence of cholelithiasis and they were more prone to develop metabolic syndrome. The need for the hour is health education, to implement simple lifestyle changes, thereby decreasing the incidence of cholelithiasis in young females.

Duplication of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with coagulation mutations in the form of factor V Leiden and MTHFR mutations represents an unusual subset of patients. We are reporting a case of a 43-year-old man who presented with left iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis diagnosed on duplex ultrasound scan. At the time of catheter-directed thrombolysis with prophylactic IVC filter placement, a duplicated IVC system was observed. After thrombolysis, a stenotic lesion in the left common iliac vein and IVC was stented. IVC filters were retrieved after 6 weeks. On thrombophilia profile testing at 3 months, he was also found to have factor V Leiden and MTHFR mutations. After 12 months of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic with a patent iliocaval venous system and is receiving lifelong anticoagulation.

No abstract