The prediction of biological activity spectra for substances as an approach for searching compounds with complex mechanisms of action was studied. New compounds with dual mechanisms of antihypertensive action were found by this approach. Biological activity spectra for substances were predicted on the basis of their structural formulas by the computer program PASS. Thirty molecular mechanisms of action of compounds from the MDDR 99.2 database, which cause the antihypertensive effect and can be predicted by PASS, have been identified. The analysis of predictions for compounds with 15 dual antihypertensive mechanisms of action from the MDDR 99.2 database has confirmed high accuracy of prediction. This approach was applied to databases of commercially available compounds (AsInEx and ChemBridge) and allowed us to select four substances that are potential inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and of neutral endopeptidase (NEP). At a later time, all these compounds were found to be the inhibitors of both ACE and NEP. The most potent compounds had IC(50) of 10(-7)-10(-9) M for ACE and 10(-5) M for NEP. New combinations of dual mechanisms of action never before found for antihypertensive compounds were predicted.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous regulators has been investigated in squamous cervical carcinoma (SCC). The study included (i) immortalized fibroblasts (IF) and three clones of fibroblasts transformed by oncogene E7 HPV-16 (TF); (ii) cell lines associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18; (iii) tumor tissue samples from patients with SCC, associated with gene E7 HPV-16. Transfection of fibroblasts with the E7 HPV16 oncogen was accompanied by induction of collagenase (MMP-1, MMP-14) and gelatinase (MMP-9) gene expression and the increase in catalytic activity of these MMP, while gelatinase MMP-2 expression remained unchanged. Expression of MMP-9 was found only inTF. MMP-9 may serve as a TF marker. In TF expression mRNA TIMP-1 was decreased. The level of free endogenous inhibitors in TF was significantly lower then the level in IF. Expression MMP correlated with the tumorigenic potential of TF. Invasive potential of cell lines associated with HPV18 (HeLa and S4-1) was more pronounced than that of cell lines associated with HPV16 (SiHa and Caski). The cell lines differed substantially in the level of expression of MMPI and their endogenous regulators. In most cell lines mRNA levels of collagenases MMP-1 and MMP-14 and the activator (uPA) increased, while gelatinase MMP-2 mRNA and tissue inhibitors mRNAs changed insignificantly. MMP-9 expression in cell lines was not detected. Results of studies on these cell lines suggest existence of an imbalance in the system enzyme / inhibitor / activator, that increases destructive potential of these cells. The study of expression of MMP and their endogenous regulators performed using SCC tumor samples associated with HPV16 has shown that the invasive and metastatic potentials of tumor tissue in SCC is obviously determined by the increase of expression of collagenases MMP-1, MT1-MMP and gelatinase MMP-9, decreased expression of inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2), and to a lesser extent to increased expression of MMP-2. MMP-1 and MMP-9 can serve as markers of invasive and metastatic potential of the SCC tumor. In adjacent to the tumor normal tissue revealed a significant expression of MMP-1,-2,-9.

Key words: membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1MMP), MMP activator -furin, tissue inhibitor of MMPs -TIMP-2, cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

In the multistage process of carcinogenesis, the key link in the growth and progression of the tumor is the invasion of malignant cells into normal tissue and their distribution and the degree of destruction of tissues. The most important role in the development of these processes is played by the system of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA system), which consists of several components: serine proteinase – uPA, its receptor – uPAR and its two endogenous inhibitors – PAI-1 and PAI-2. The components of the uPA system are expressed by cancer cells to a greater extent than normal tissue cells. uPA converts plasminogen into broad spectrum, polyfunctional protease plasmin, which, in addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis, can hydrolyze a number of components of the connective tissue matrix (СTM), as well as activate the zymogens of secreted matrix metalloproteinases (MMР) – pro-MMР. MMРs together can hydrolyze all the main components of the СTM, and thus play a key role in the development of invasive processes, as well as to perform regulatory functions by activating and releasing from STM a number of biologically active molecules that are involved in the regulation of the main processes of carcinogenesis. The uPA system promotes tumor progression not only through the proteolytic cascade, but also through uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2, which are involved in both the regulation of uPA/uPAR activity and are involved in proliferation, apoptosis, chemotaxis, adhesion, migration and activation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. All of the above processes are aimed at regulating invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The components of the uPA system are used as prognostic and diagnostic markers of many cancers, as well as serve as targets for anticancer therapy.

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Фурин относится к внутриклеточным сериновым Са 2+ -зависимым эндопептидазам семейства субтилизина, так называемым пропротеинконвертазам (ПК). В тканях человека фурин синтезируется как зимоген с молекулярной массой 104 кДа, который затем активируется автокаталитически в две стадии. Этот процесс происходит при миграции зимогена из эндоплазматического ретикулума в аппарат Гольджи, где и накапливается большая часть фурина. Молекулярная масса активного фурина составляет 98 кДа. Фурин относится к ферментам с выраженной субстратной специфичностью. Он гидролизует пептидные связи в месте спаренных основных аминокислот и проявляет активность в широком диапазоне рН 5-8. Основная биологическая функция фурина, как ПК, заключается в активации функционально значимых белков-предшественников, что сопровождается запуском каскадных реакций и приводит к возникновению биологически активных молекул, действие которых направлено на осуществление определённых биологических функций как в норме, так и при ряде патологических процессов. Субстратами фурина являются такие биологически важные белки, как ферменты, гормоны, факторы роста и дифференцировки, рецепторы, адгезивные белки, белки плазмы крови. Фурин играет важную роль в развитии таких процессов как пролиферация, инвазия, миграция клеток, выживаемость, поддержание гомеостаза, эмбриогенез, а также при развитии целого ряда патологий, включая сердечно-сосудистые, онкологические и нейродегенеративные заболевания. Фурин и фуриноподобные ПК являются ключевыми факторами в регуляторной функции протеолитических ферментов, значение которой в настоящее время оценивается как наиболее важное в сравнении с известной функцией протеиназ в деградации белков.Ключевые слова: фурин, доменная структура, специфичность, МТ1-ММР, факторы роста, натрийуретические пептиды