Garnet-type Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.5 O 12 (LLZTO), a promising solid-state electrolyte, is reported to exhibit lithiophobicity. Herein, it is demonstrated that the origin of the lithiophobicity is closely related to the surface compositions of both the lithium and LLZTO. Surface impurities with high melting points such as Li 2 O, Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, or LiF inhibit the wettability between lithium metal and LLZTO, and the widely adopted compositing strategy may improve the wettability by merely breaking the surface impurity layers. A simple but effective "polishingand-spreading" strategy is proposed to remove the surface impurities and obtain clean Li/LLZTO interfaces. Thus, a tight and continuous Li/LLZTO interface with an interfacial resistance of 17.5 Ω cm 2 is achieved, which leads to stable cycling of the symmetric Li cells and a critical current density up to 2.8 mA cm -2 . This work provides a new perspective to understand the lithiophilicity of garnet-type electrolytes and contributes to designing robust Li/garnet interfaces.
Chlorine-rich argyrodite sulfides are one of the most promising solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries owing to their remarkable ionic conductivity and decent mechanical properties. However, their application has been limited by imperfections such as moisture instability and poor electrochemical stability. Herein, a Sn and O is proposed dual-substitution strategy in Li 5.4 PS 4.4 Cl 1.6 (LPSC) to improve the moisture tolerance and boost the electrochemical performance. The optimized composition of Li 5.5 (P 0.9 Sn 0.1 )(S 4.2 O 0.2 )Cl 1.6 (LPSC-10) sintered at 500 °C exhibits a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 8.7 mS cm −1 , an electrochemical window up to 5 V, a critical current density of 1.2 mA cm −2 , and stable lithium plating/striping. When exposed to humid air, LPSC-10 exhibits a small increment in total resistance, generates a mild amount of H 2 S gas, and displays favorable structure stability after heat treatment. The firstprinciples calculation confirms that the dual-substituted composition less tends to be hydrolyzed than the un-substituted one. The all-solid-state battery with LiIn|NMC811 electrodes presents a high initial discharge capacity of 103.6 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C rates and maintains 101.4 mAh g −1 at the 100th cycle, with a 97.9% capacity retention rate. The present study opens a new alternative for simultaneously promoting moisture and electrochemical stability.
Solid-state lithium batteries can improve the safety and energy density of the present liquid-electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries. To achieve this goal, both solid electrolyte and lithium anode technology are the keys. Lithium garnet is a promising electrolyte to enable the next generation solid-state lithium batteries due to its high ionic conductivity, good chemical, and electrochemical stability, and easiness to scale up. It is relatively stable against Li metal but the poor contact area and the presence of resistive impurity or decomposition layers at the interface interfere with fast charge transfer, thereby, spiking the interfacial resistance, overpotential, local current density, and the propensity for dendrite growth. In this Review, we first summarize the recent understanding of the interfacial problems at the Li/garnet interface from both computational and experimental viewpoints while seizing the opportunity to shed light on the chemical/electrochemical stability of garnet against Li metal anode. Also, we highlight various interface optimization strategies that have been demonstrated to be effective in improving the interface performance. We conclude this Review with a few suggestions as guides for future work.
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by incomplete reversible airflow limitation and chronic inflammatory response lesions. This study mainly explored whether FGFR2 and MGAT5 polymorphisms affected the risk of COPD in the Chinese people. Methods Five variants in FGFR2 and MGAT5 were chosen and genotyped using Agena MassARRAY platform from 315 COPD patients and 314 healthy controls. The correlation of FGFR2 and MGAT5 with COPD susceptibility was evaluated with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) via logistic regression. Results We found rs2420915 enhanced the risk of COPD, while rs6430491, rs2593704 reduced the susceptibility of COPD (p < 0.05). Rs2420915 could promote the incidence of COPD in the elderly and nonsmokers. Rs1907240 and rs2257129 also increased the susceptibility to COPD in nonsmokers (p < 0.05). MGAT5-rs2593704 played a protective role in COPD development in different subgroups (age ≤ 70, male, smokers, and individuals with BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2). Meanwhile, rs6430491 was linked with a lower risk of COPD in nonsmoking and BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2 subgroups. Conclusions We concluded that FGFR2 and MGAT5 genetic polymorphisms are correlated with the risk of COPD in the Chinese people. These data underscored the important role of FGFR2 and MGAT5 gene in the occurrence of COPD and provided new biomarkers for COPD treatment. Trial registration: NA.
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