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The aging and wear of rubber seals cause frequent maintenance of the hydraulic system. Based on the literature, the failure mechanism of aging and wear of rubber materials in hydraulic system was studied in this paper. Fretting wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear and adhesive wear were the main wear mechanisms. The swelling aging of rubber accelerates the wear. At the same time, the factors affecting the wear resistance of rubber such as temperature, displacement amplitude, liquid medium and surface roughness were discussed. The research status of improving the wear resistance of rubber in recent years was introduced from three aspects: reinforcing filler, surface treatment, heat generation and heat conductivity of rubber, and the development trend of hydraulic sealing technology in the future was prospected.